his article aims to study the place of equality as a concept in Spinoza’s political philosophy. Inthe first place, it describes way which human nature is understood by Spinoza, recounting both horizon natural state and social unfolds. Second, studies inequality manifested affect, even so Spinoza himself has not named this anywhere Ethics. Finally, then, outlines institutions that make up ...

More than two-thirds of the Treatise on the Emendation of the Intellect is about truth. Spinoza explains why true ideas are preferable (TIE §§18–29), how to begin forming true ideas (TIE §§30–48), and how to distinguish true ideas from other kinds of ideas (TIE §§50–90). Spinoza’s account of truth is therefore our key to the Emendation. It would thus be disheartening if Ed Curley were right tha...

this essay is about mulla sadra and allameh tabatabaei’s views on the concept and extension of the “world of zar (pre-existence)” (the pervading meaning of verse 172, al-araf, holly quran). in this research, based on sadra and tabatabaei’s basic thoughts and by using the descriptive and analytic method the following results have been achieved: 1. the existence of the world of zar is proved by s...

Spinoza identifies the minds or souls of finite things with God’s ideas of those things. Margaret Wilson famously suggests that this identification prevents Spinoza from giving an adequate account of the human mind: Descartes’s position on the mind-body issue is notoriously beset with difficulties. Still, [his] theory of res cogitantes does recognize and take account of certain propositions abo...

Expression of constitutively active Ras protein in fibroblasts results in enhanced cell motility, invasion competence and morphological changes including the formation of elongate cellular processes. These processes have been shown to resemble retraction tails formed passively behind nontransformed cells by movement relative to sites of cell-substrate attachment. However, analysis presented her...