Background The highly sensitive period of preimplantation development represents that embryo is very vulnerable to exogenous agents. Many of the developmental abnormalities may arise from the inevitable maternal periconceptional exposures to toxic substances in the environment which may threaten reproductive capability and pregnancy outcomes. In this article, an overview of the association betw...

Time location patterns are a significant factor for exposure assessment models of air pollutants. Factors associated with time location patterns in urban populations are typically due to high air pollution levels in urban areas. The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal differences in time location patterns in two urban cities. A Time Use Survey of Korean Statistics (KOSTAT) was...

Most published epidemiology studies of long-term air pollution health effects have relied on central site monitoring to investigate regional-scale differences in exposure. Few cohort studies have had sufficient data to characterize localized variations in pollution, despite the fact that large gradients can exist over small spatial scales. Similarly, previous data have generally been limited to...

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Urban centers in Latin American often face high levels of air pollution as a result of economic and industrial growth. Decisions with regard to industry, transportation, and development will affect air pollution and health both in the short term and in the far future through climate change. We investigated the pollution health consequences of modest changes in fossil fuel use for three case stu...

BACKGROUND Pregnant women and their fetus belong to a sensitive group in response to air pollution hazards. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based educational program to change pollution exposure behavior in pregnant women. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, pregnant women attending a prenatal clinic in Tehran, Iran were selected and randomized int...

A IR or atmospheric pollution problems have increased many fold during the past few decades. Air pollution and its control have grown t o become factors of tremendous importance to the economy and health of many industrialized and urbanized communities. Air pollution has been defined as the excessive concentration of foreign matter in the air which adversely affects the well being of the indivi...

BACKGROUND Both air pollution exposure and socioeconomic status (SES) are important indicators of children's health. Using highly resolved modeled predictive surfaces, we examine the joint effects of air pollution exposure and measures of SES in a population level analysis of pregnancy outcomes in North Carolina (NC). METHODS Daily measurements of particulate matter <2.5 μm in aerodynamic dia...

background: although lebanon is a highly polluted country, so far no study has specifically been designed to assess the association between outdoor air pollution and chronic bronchitis in this country. objective: to assess the association between exposure to outdoor air pollution and chronic bronchitis in lebanon. methods: a pilot case-control study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals....

This study assessed the public's health risk awareness of urban air pollution triggered by three megacities in China, and the data are the responses from a sample size of 3868 megacity inhabitants from Shanghai, Nanchang and Wuhan. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize the respondents' demographics, perceived health risks from air pollution and sources of health-related knowledge on urban...