the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of implicit focus on form through input flooding and the effect of noticing, explicit focus on form on linguistic accuracy. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 86 iranian pre-intermediate efl learners of one of the language institutes were chosen by means of administering ket as the homogeneity test. these learners were pretested throug...

based on the latest records of typhlops vermicularis merrem, 1820 from iran, this species is distributed in the northern and southern regions of the country. in this study, new records of typhlops vermicularis are presented and it is shown that distribution range of this species is extended towards the eastern and western iran, and according to the new distribution map, it can be assumed that t...

abstract ion selective electrodes (ises) are electrochemical sensors that respond selectivity to the activity of ionic species. an ion-selective electrode is an electrochemical device that uses a thin selective membrane or film as the recognition element, and is an electrochemical half-cell equivalent to other half-cells of the zeroth (inert metal in a redox electrolyte). in common methods o...

abstract the primary purpose of this study was to explore the actual practices and cognitions of two groups of iranian eap teachers, i.e. language teachers and content teachers, with respect to teaching reading-comprehension and vocabulary. to this end, tehran university of medical sciences which authorizes both groups of teachers to teach eap courses was selected as the context of the study s...

this study was an attempt to investigate and compare the effect of lexical inferencing and concept mapping on developing vocabulary retention of iranian language learners. sixty homogeneous students from different intact classes who were being taught as intermediate learners in sokhan english institute participated in this study. they were in different classes. a teacher made test as a pre-test...

abstract the first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising (c-r) activities on learning grammatical structures (simple present tense in this case) by iranian guidance school efl learners. the second one was to investigate the effect of gender on learning the simple present tense through c-r activities and tasks. finally, this study aimed to investigate the ...

this research is a study on indicators of listening instruction in iranian english as a foreign language (efl) curriculum at guidance school and high school educational levels. this thesis aims at determining: a) the indicators of listening instruction at guidance school and high school efl curriculum. b) the indicators of listening instruction in irans guidance school and high school efl curri...

most specialists in the field of foreign language teachingconsiderreading skill as an interactive process between the reader’s prior knowledge and the text.accordingly, the activation of prior knowledge for an effective comprehension is very important. it is generally agreed that the pre-reading phase is the stage where this type of interaction and activation may be enhanced throughcertain stra...

the present study investigated the effect of the two vocabulary teaching techniques in est, namely the use of translation and the use of visual aids as two separate vocabulary teaching techniques. to answer the question of the study, a pretest (michigan test) was administered to the 58 randomly selected est students at khajeh nasiredin tusi university, faculty of mechanics. after the homogeneit...

abstract while task-based instruction is considered as the most effective way to learn a language in the related literature, it is oversimplified on various grounds. different variables may affect how students are engaged with not only the language but also with the task itself. the present study was conducted to investigate language and task related engagement on the basis of the task typolog...