according to common law rules of england, obligation by one party is enforceable when the other has provided a consideration or the contract has been put in a deed. in some common law jurisdictions, such as australia, canada and the united states, another doctrine, named reasonable reliance, has developed, which could act as surrogate for the doctrine of consideration. english courts, however, ...

one of the problems, which are studied in islamic jurisprudence and has obtained many disputations on it, is the problem of silence of defendant. whenever a person sets forth a claim to a judge the judge requests the defendant to state his or her opinion about the claim. if the defendant replies to the request, he either denies the claim or accepts it. so there would be two react each of which ...

parliament established jurisprudence of the islamic republic with due regard to the fundamental difference with conventional systems, is important. in conventional systems, the relationship between parliament and the people, legally determines representative role, responsibilities and his duties. but in the islamic republic of iran to the foundation fqhyash to find out the legal status and lega...

in islamic jurisprudence, juridical disagreement means dispute between islamic jurists to confirm a comment or proscribe another. disagreement is arising from contradict reasons or jurist concepts. whether concern other concepts is necessary or not, is a contradict matter. in the shafi'ite's jurist opinion avoidance from diversity is recommended for all jurists and followers. it means...

nowadays family tkaful in islamic societies has been  studied as islamic financing tools and in detail as a legal institution based on the theory of common benefit – common loss and collective cooperation. likewise in some western countries, among the uk , family tkaful as risk financing tools has important role beside insurance in society risk  financing.  it's seems to be necessary, shia...

Linking branches to fundamentals and build on them is very important for whom setting himself up doing fatwa judgment decision the provisions of jurisprudence; specially in this age which happened many issues that never before old scholar's time they don't have any hint about them, accordingly, obligate shariah's student linking apply reach their provision's jurisprudence. The problem study lie...