In his book The Law of Peoples, John Rawls described an international society inwhich there are enemies and friends seeking their goals by deferent means.Rawls introduced us principles as the fundamental rights of every people. Thepeople who reserve these rights can sustain in the world. Although this theoryis supposed to be part of liberal foreign policy, the peoples Rawls talks aboutare not n...

payment order in eft can be a negotiable instrument in two ways; it can be an instrument based on custom and regulation meaning that whether it should be considered as new instrument or be incorporated in one of the current instruments. in light of iranian legal system and against common law, it is not acceptable that a new negotiable instrument be created by custom because some characteristics...

abstract      uncertainty is one of the general rules of the law of contract that is discussed from different aspects under islamic and iranian law. however, despite the long history of the subject and its importance, there are still ambiguities about its application in contracts especially the new ones. this article succinctly examines the meaning, scope and application of gharar (uncertainty)...

in the old law, the government had no civil liability and gradually through legal regimes mentioned this responsibility. in iranian law, civil liability of government is proposed apparently in article 11 of the law of civil liability that was adapted from old theory of the 19th century in french. however, the analysis of aforementioned article shows that the government's civil liability si...

presently, conflict rules have gone beyond inflexible and purposeless physical connection factors and have approached instrumentalism and economic functions.  this evolution defined as rule utilitarianism in conflict of laws and determination of applicable law to product liability in rome ii regulations in this manner.  protection of consumers in this category has been said to be the foundation...