 Carbohydrates, NDF and NFC, comprise about 70% of DM in diets for lactating cows.  While diets containing 21% forage-NDF are common, depending on forage availability, price and quality, diets can be found within a normal range of 16% 24% forage-NDF (DM basis).  Maximum NFC guidelines are positively related to forage-NDF content in diets for lactating cows.  Starch is the major component of...

The objective of this study was to determine whether the amount of forage in a total mixed ration influences feed sorting by cows and whether the extent of this sorting changes as they adapt to a new diet. Six lactating Holstein cows, individually fed once per day, were provided each of 2 diets in a crossover design (dry matter basis): 1) a higher forage diet (HF; 62.3% forage), and 2) a lower ...

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of a directly fed exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on intake and digestion of DM, OM, protein, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose of alfalfa and ryegrass hay by sheep. Four diets were randomly assigned to four ruminally cannulated lambs using a 4 x 4 Latin square design, repeated in time, with a factorial arrangement (2 x 2) of diets: 1) alfalfa hay; 2) a...

This paper describes a new and original method for designing oscillators based on the Normalized Determinant Function (NDF) and Return Relations (RRT ). Firstly, a review of the loop-gain method will be performed. The loop-gain method pros, cons and some examples for exploring wrong solutions provided by this method will be shown. This method produces in some cases wrong solutions because some ...

Achieving traditional Byzantine agreement in the presence of arbitrary faults requires that the total number of nodes be larger than three times the number of faulty nodes. Two approaches have been proposed in the literature to circumvent this requirement: (i) hybrid fault model approach 4, 7] considers three types of faults of varying degree of severity, and (ii) degradable agreement approach ...

Cartilage defects in the knee are often seen in young and active patients. There is a need for effective joint preserving treatments in patients suffering from cartilage defects, as untreated defects often lead to osteoarthritis. Within the last two decades, tissue engineering based techniques using a wide variety of polymers, cell sources, and signaling molecules have been evaluated. We start ...

We evaluated the effects of cellulase (from Trichoderma longibrachiatum) application rates on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration and fermentation products of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silages harvested with decreasing dry matter (DM) digestibility. Additionally, the impacts of inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus cerevisiae), pe...

The current study proposed a topology optimization method accounting for base material degradation and create a degradable device that retains sufficient stiffness through the degradation process to provide load bearings for tissue regeneration in orthopaedic applications. Degradable materials are less stiff than permanent materials and suffer further stiffness reduction through time when consi...