Particle filtering is an effective sequential Monte Carlo approach to solve the recursive Bayesian filtering problem in non-linear and non-Gaussian systems. The algorithm is based on importance sampling. However, in the literature, the proper choice of the proposal distribution for importance sampling remains a tough task and has not been resolved yet. Inspired by the animal swarm intelligence ...

Objectives To determine the incidence and intensity of household impoverishment induced by cancer treatment in China. Design Average income daily consumption per capita households out-of-pocket payments for care were estimated. Household was determined comparing against Chinese poverty line (CPL, US$1.2) World Bank (WBPL, US$1.9) 2015. Both pre-treatment post-treatment consumptions calculated a...

Many countries rely heavily on patients' out-of-pocket payments to providers to finance their health care systems. This prevents some people from seeking care and results in financial catastrophe and impoverishment for others who do obtain care. Surveys in eighty-nine countries covering 89 percent of the world's population suggest that 150 million people globally suffer financial catastrophe an...

The implementation of a particle filter (PF) for vision-based simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAtvI) for a mobile robot in an unstructured indoor environment is presented in this paper. Variations to standard PF are proposed to remedy the sample impoverishment problem in bearing-only SLAM. A CCD camera mounted on the robot is used as the measuring device and image quality is incorporate...

The pronominal verb affixes of Karuk have traditionally been identified as portmanteaux, expressing features of both subject and object. Following more recent approaches, I analyze each affix as reflecting a single referent, within the theoretical framework provided by Distributed Morphology (DM). I compare different ways DM could explain the Karuk pattern, but settle on five rules of Impoveris...

The basic impoverishment of deafness is not lack of hearing but lack of language. To illustrate this, we have only to compare a 4-year-old hearing child, with a working vocabulary of between 2,000 and 3,000 words, to a child of the same age, profoundly deaf since infancy, who may have only a few words at his command. Even more important than vocabulary level, however, is the child's ability to ...

Context. The recent Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) represents an unparalleled revolution in Galactic archaeology, providing numerous radial velocities and chemical abundances for millions of stars as well all-sky coverage. Aims We present a new evolution model the disc components (high- low- α sequence stars) designed to reproduce abundance ratios provided by General Stellar Parametriser-spectroscop...