The main objective of this essay is to analyse neoliberalism as an alternative for political administration. According a theory developed in Brazil, administration encompasses both macro- and micromanagement principles represent the interests agenda social class, or some fraction it. findings are that neoliberal rationale its management principles—efficiency, accountability, performance, compet...

This paper aims to model the dynamics of social deprivation in Mexico using a Markovian approach. First, we establish scenario where list items characterizing evolves as first-order Markov chain under sample period (2002-2012). Then, estimate latent states and ergodic vectors hidden-Markov verify strength conclusions drawn from such scenario. After collecting results both kinds analyses, find s...

This paper explores the role of morphological markedness constraints in an OT framework with interleaving of phonological and morphological constraints. Morphological markedness constraints are constraints against the realization of marked combinations of features. For example, a constraint like *[+GROUP +RESTRICTED] (*DUAL) would penalize any output with a single morpheme realizing features [+...

Using data from 60 round of the National Sample Survey, this study attempts to measure the incidence and intensity of “catastrophic” maternal health care expenditure and examines its socio-economic correlates in urban and rural areas separately. Additionally, it measures the effect of maternal health care expenditure on poverty incidence and examines the factors associated with such impoverishm...

BACKGROUND Illness-related costs incurred by patients constitute a severe economic burden for households especially in low-income countries. High household costs of illness lead to impoverishment; they impair affordability and equitable access to health care and consequently hamper tuberculosis (TB) control. So far, no study has investigated patient costs of TB in the former Soviet Union. MET...

BACKGROUND India aims to achieve universal access to institutional delivery. We undertook this study to estimate the universality of institutional delivery care for pregnant women in Haryana state in India. To assess the coverage of institutional delivery, we analyze service coverage (coverage of public sector institutional delivery), population coverage (coverage among different districts and ...

Mountainous regions offer not only essential habitat and resources, including water, to the earth's more than 6 billion inhabitants, but also insights into how the global human habitat works, how it is being changed at the moment as global climates are disrupted, and how the disruption may lead to global biotic and economic impoverishment. At least 600 million of the earth's more than 6 billion...

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) produced by the hypothalamus initiates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates the body's stress response. CRH levels typically are undetectable in human plasma, but during pregnancy the primate placenta synthesizes and releases large amounts of CRH into both maternal and fetal circulations. Notably, placental CRH synthesis increases ...

Poor health is a source of impoverishment among households in low -and middle- income countries (LMICs) and a subject of voluminous literature in recent years. This paper reviews recent empirical literature on measuring the economic impacts of health shocks on households. Key inclusion criteria were studies that explored household level economic outcomes (burden of out-of-pocket (OOP) health sp...

BACKGROUND Increasing attention is being paid to the affordability of medicines in low- and middle-income countries (LICs and MICs) where medicines are often highly priced in relation to income levels. The impoverishing effect of medicine purchases can be estimated by determining pre- and postpayment incomes, which are then compared to a poverty line. Here we estimate the impoverishing effects ...