Two-stage utility maximization theory has been widely used in the literature to estimate import demand for agricultural commodities that are often inputs. This article examines the overlooked conceptual and empirical limitations of applying two-stage utility maximization theory to model the demand for imported commodities that are inputs. A discussion is presented about how the underutilized th...

Continued growth in international trade and the developing concepts of zoning and risk assessment demand effective assessment of national surveillance and monitoring systems for animal health. The ideal national epidemiological delivery system incorporates surveillance for disease agents, host monitoring and environmental assessment. An extensive veterinary infrastructure is necessary to suppor...

On the basis of data from 2000 to 2010, we investigated the separate effects of the uptake of forest certification and the usage of recycled paper on imports of paper and paperboard into Germany and the United States. Using panel data methods and based on a conventional Armington trade model, we find that the effects of two main forest certification schemes—the Programme for Endorsement of Fore...

The natural gas sector plays a significant role in the energy sector. In Ukraine, accounts for about 30 % of total consumption resources, while Czech Republic only 16 %. article presents a comparative analysis Ukraine and 2010–2019. dynamics changes production discussed countries is presented. structure primary consumption, including gas, 2018 2019 was analyzed. also covered import to...

I study an example of a competitive environment in which trade occurs in a sequential manner. In this example, a country with a stable demand may suffer from trade with a country with unstable demand, there may be too much trade, a country may import and export the same good in the same period (cross-hauling) and dumping may occur. The timing of delivery is important. When delivery occurs befor...

The paper deals with the commodity flows (production, import, export, consumption, prices) of manganese, chromium, silicon, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium and nickel ferroalloys in dynamics from 2000 to 2019 throughout Russia. also specifies groups ferroalloys: import-dependent (silicomanganese, metallic ferroniobium), export-oriented (ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferrovanadium...

This empirical paper adopts panel data methodologies to investigate the impact of trade liberalisation on export growth and import growth across 28 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1981 to 2010. The results show that trade liberalisation increases the growth of exports; however, imports grow faster by approximately two percentage points which gives a prima facie evidence that the trade balanc...

- The success of global health and development interventions ultimately depends on local reception. This paper documents local demand for HIV/AIDS interventions in Africa and seeks to explain patterns of demand using data from a country hard-hit by AIDS. As international agencies and national governments scale up HIV/AIDS interventions in Africa, I find HIV-positive respondents more highly prio...

Optimal tariffs and quotas are comgared for a large country under uncertainty. If the import supply schedule has constant elastjcity and is subject to multiplicative uncertainty and domestic demand is random then the optimal policy is a fixed +.d valorem tariff. If the supply schedule has constant elasticity but this elasticity is random then the optimal tariff is superior to the optimal quota....

Malaysia experienced four major phases of industrialization, with import substitution or export orientation dominating each phases alternatively. Manufacturing sector is important in Malaysia’s industrial development, inducing rapid growth, technology expansion and upgrading labor skill. High growth rates and high technology expansion in these sector resulted in a substantial increase in demand...