both genetic and environmental factors seem to play role in the etiology of meniere's disease (md). several genes may be involved in susceptibility of md including human leukocyte antigens (hla). the associations between md and hla alleles have been previously studied in other populations and certain hla alleles were shown to be predisposing. the aim of this study was to determine the associati...

Background: Mediodorsal (MD) thalamic nucleus, which is considered to take place between extra pyramidal and limbic feedback circuit, receives projective fibers from ventrolateral neurons of reticular part of substantia nigra (SNr). In order to better understand the influence and chemical reaction of these fibers upon MD nucleus, the morphology and synaptology of them were examined in the prese...

Marek's disease (MD) is a common lymphoproliferative disease of chickens, usually characterized by mononuclear cellular infiltration in different organs. The disease is caused by a herpes virus and is transmissible. MD has been a common, important problem for poultry industry worldwide, as well as, in our country, Iran. The aim of present study was to have an estimation of the incidence of M...

marek's disease (md) is a common lymphoproliferative disease of chickens, usually characterized by mononuclear cellular infiltration in different organs. the disease is caused by a herpes virus and is transmissible. md has been a common, important problem for poultry industry worldwide, as well as, in our country, iran. the aim of present study was to have an estimation of the incidence of m...

Timur Kuran has spent much of the last decade investigating the economic and institutional development of the Middle East. The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East brings the results of this research together to provide an explanation for the decline in the region’s economic fortunes. Although generations of scholars have sought to understand the Middle East’s economic dec...

In this paper, we show that the compressions functions of SHA, MD2, MD4 and MD5 are not a ne transformations of their inputs.