Variation is inevitable in any process, so it has to be dealt with effectively and economically. It has been the focal point of many researchers to control, predict or reduce the variation of a product to increase its competitiveness in the current global marketplace. Reducing variation can be achieved in assembly lines strategically and dynamically. It can be reduced strategically by developin...

In this paper, we suggest and justify a new, basic approach to modelling the imperfect repair corresponding processes for items with observable degradation. We consider monotone of degradation independent increments. Imperfect reduces an item on failure some intermediate level. To define state after repair, random virtual age is introduced. Some stochastic properties describing remaining lifeti...

Nonconforming, and for their purpose unusable castings, not fulfilling the requirements of the standard and/or with customer agreed delivery conditions represent scrap [1, 2]. Scrap is manifested in foundries as waste in material, energy and labor. its efficient monitoring and supervision is possible only when the quality criteria have been unequivocally established, not only for the final prod...

Lead affects the developing nervous system of children, and no safe blood lead level (BLL) in children has been identified. Elevated BLLs in childhood are associated with hyperactivity, attention problems, conduct problems, and impairment in cognition. Young children are at higher risk for environmental lead exposure from putting their hands or contaminated objects in their mouth. Although dete...

Our aim is to maximize expected profit per item of a multi-stage production system by determining best adjustment points of the equipments used based on technical product specifications defined by designer. In this system, the quality characteristics of items produced should be within lower and higher tolerance limits. When a quality characteristic of an item either falls beneath the lower li...

The materials of excavations a separate group burials founder women in the Low-Vychegda Chezhtyyag burial ground dating back to XIII century are introduced into scientific discourse. Based on typological and chemical analysis grave goods, author identified characteristic features burials. Grave goods include items bronze foundry production, metal ingots scrap for making adornments, casting tool...