(although perhaps less frequently suspected) in white, employed, and insured individuals as in patients who are nonwhite, unemployed, or homeless. In the last 2 decades, firsttime drug use has become more common among adolescents, and the variety of drugs used has exploded. Drug use is no longer limited to what can be identified on a standard hospital toxicology screen, and many of the drugs pe...

Neonatal abstinence syndrome is characterized by the onset of withdrawal symptoms in a neonate due to prenatal or postnatal exposure to illegal drugs or prescription drugs. The clinical presentation is usually dependent on the duration and time of exposure to the drug and not the drug itself. Meconium analysis or umbilical cord testing are the gold standard for the diagnosis of neonatal abstine...

The term drugged driving refers to driving after the use of impairing substances other than alcohol or combined with alcohol. When alcohol is used alone, impairment is called drunk driving. Drugged driving is now occurring at a level comparable to drunk driving. Drug impairment can be caused by illegal drugs, misused prescription drugs either with or without a prescription, over-the-counter med...

AIM The present study investigates the evolution of illicit drug use among Romanian university students from 1999 to 2011. METHODS The study was performed in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in three phases: in 1999 (T1), in 2003 (T2) and in 2011 (T3). The study was carried out by means of anonymous questionnaires among university students aged 19-24. RESULTS The results show that among girls the life...

For decades, the Swartzentruber sect of Amish have, for religious reasons, rejected state-level mandates for horse-drawn buggies to display the S.M.V. (slow-moving vehicle) emblem. Court cases in several states have suggested: (1) confusion over what the emblem is supposed to accomplish, and (2) questions about the emblem's superiority to alternatives. Synthesizing evidence presented in several...

This socialization is carried out in line with the development of increasingly sophisticated digital and communication technology, by showing how easy anything done nowadays. One which circulation narcotics illegal drugs whose concealed common among teenagers. The purpose this provision to increase insight, knowledge, public awareness, effective communication, especially for teenagers regarding...

the last three decades the national and international framework for the protection of the natural environment has evolved rapidly. Charles Schmidt's excellent article (Schmidt 2004) in this issue shows that as national and international legislation has expanded, so too have the opportunities to evade it. International environmental crime—the deliberate evasion of environmental laws and regulati...