OBJECTIVES Contrary to lay theories, past work does not suggest robust age differences in wisdom-related knowledge across the adult life span. This study investigated a potential moderator of age differences in wisdom-related knowledge: The age relevance of a given wisdom task. METHOD To test this moderator, 192 participants covering the adult life span were asked to think aloud about a tradi...

This study explores the various relations between two important processes in life-span development: wisdom and learning from significant life experience. A diverse sample of 375 individuals from Taiwan, culled from an initial sample of 475, completed a sequence of three questionnaires that asked them to describe their most significant life learning, the wisdom they had displayed, and the relati...

Paul B. Baltes and his colleagues, who are among the most prominent contemporary wisdom researchers, define wisdom as ‘expert knowledge in the domain fundamental pragmatics of life.’ By contrast, this article argues that the definition, operationalization, and measurement of wisdom should not be reduced to expertise and that the term wisdom should be reserved for wise persons rather than expert...

s?dra’s system of philosophy is consist of deep reflection on the secrets of existence; mental ascesis and juridical j?h?d that in which the effort of the seeker and true-hearted sage who could reach to the level of v?lay?t, for completion of his mental and spiritual journey, continuously enjoys from god’s grace and confirmation. m?lla s?dra believes in endowment wisdom and in some parts of his...

among muslim thinkers, mullasadra and ahsai are two important figures who have specific approach to the cognitive extents of the wisdom in understanding of the qur’an as a revealed text. one of the consecrate conditions of mullasadra view about ta’vil; is that from his point of view independent comprehension of qur’anic verses is permissible; but ahsai believes that ta’vil should not be contrad...

ferdowsi has remonstrated philosophy and philosophers in his shahnameh. was he really opposed to rationalism? it’s not the thing gotten of shahnameh. he invites his readers to live wise, so he can’t be against wisdom. are philosophers in a coherent group with shared ideas? ferdowsi era doesn’t include such a thing. so which group of philosophers was exposed to his critical considerations? hakim...