AFX: atypical fibroxanthoma HMWK: high molecular weight keratins IHC: immunohistochemical MMS: Mohs surgery SCC: squamous cell carcinoma INTRODUCTION Poorly differentiated spindle cell neoplasms pose a diagnostic challenge for dermatopathologists because of a lack of specific morphologic features on standard histopathology. Further characterization with immunohistochemical (IHC) studies is freq...

BACKGROUND Based on results of earlier studies, brain, heart and kidney are most commonly used for West Nile virus (WNV) detection in avian species. Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies have been used for the immunohistochemical diagnosis of WNV in these species. Thus far, no studies have been performed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in d...

INTRODUCTION The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an established biomarker for management of patients with breast cancer. While conventional testing of HER2 protein expression is based on semi-quantitative visual scoring of the immunohistochemistry (IHC) result, efforts to reduce inter-observer variation and to produce continuous estimates of the IHC data are potentiated by di...

BACKGROUND The eligibility of breast cancer patients for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed therapies is determined by the HER2 gene amplification and/or HER2 protein overexpression status of the breast tumor as determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) or immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. Our objective was to combine the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-appro...

IMPORTANCE Sebaceous neoplasms (SNs) define the Muir-Torre syndrome variant of Lynch syndrome (LS), which is associated with increased risk for colon and other cancers necessitating earlier and more frequent screening to reduce morbidity and mortality.Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in SNs can be used to screen for LS, but data on subsequent germline geneti...

This paper presents a high-power microwave oscillator using recursive balanced amplification technique. The proposed architecture is configured by power amplifier (BPA) with class-AB operation and two feedback networks. Each circuit consists of phase shifter high-Q bandpass filter (BPF). BPA an input hybrid coupler (IHC) output (OHC) to divide recombine signals amplified through amplifiers (PAs...

This study detects and defines the patterns of p53 gene mutations in breast cancers. We analyse p53 gene mutations through comparing the results of single-strand-conformation-polymorphism (SSCP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and we try to define the differences between the results of SSCP and IHC. Twenty-seven fresh primary breast cancer tissues and eight normal breast tissues were studied. T...

The preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME), a tumor-associated antigen, is considered a prognostic marker for various human malignancies. The prognostic significance of PRAME expression for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy has not been evaluated to date, and the ability of immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect PRAME expre...

The objective of the study was to develop an immunohistochemical (IHC) assay for rapid detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Serotypes 1a, 1b, and 2 are most frequently associated with clinical disease in pigs. Antiserum against serotypes 1a, 1b, and 2 was produced in rabbits, pooled, and applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of pigs (lungs, heart, spleen, and skin)....

After ~30 years of widespread usage, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become a standard method of diagnosis for surgical pathology. Because of the plethora of diagnoses and often subtle nature of diagnostic criteria, IHC finds particular utility in soft tissue tumors. The use of progressively small amounts of tissue for diagnosis highlights the importance of this method. The sensitivity and crisp...