In general, 'drinkers smoke', and a high proportion of the alcohol-dependent population is also nicotine-dependent. Statistically, the majority of alcoholics will die of smoking-related, rather than alcohol-related, disease. This co-dependent sub-population may have higher levels of nicotine dependence, and find smoking cessation more difficult. Major reasons are that concurrent alcohol use, an...

We study the following question: is the two-dimensional structure of images a very strong prior or is it something that can be learned with a few examples of natural images? If someone gave us a learning task involving images for which the two-dimensional topology of pixels was not known, could we discover it automatically and exploit it? For example suppose that the pixels had been permuted in...

let $g$ be a finite group‎. ‎a subset $x$ of $g$ is a set of pairwise non-commuting elements‎ ‎if any two distinct elements of $x$ do not commute‎. ‎in this paper‎ ‎we determine the maximum size of these subsets in any finite‎ ‎non-abelian metacyclic $2$-group and in any finite non-abelian $p$-group with an abelian maximal subgroup‎.

When a public problem is perceived to be poorly addressed by current policy, it is often the case that credible alternative policies are proposed to both the status quo’s left and right. Specially designed national surveys show that in circumstances like these, many Americans’ preferences are not single-peaked on the standard left-right dimension. Rather, they simply want the government to ‘‘do...

What is it to be inclined or disposed to do something? What is it to incline, dispose, or incite the will? Do things that incline or incite the will do so by providing reasons for acting? Do they influence the will by serving as efficient causes of acts of will? Both? Neither? In this essay I will conduct a preliminary exploration into various medieval and early modern accounts of being incline...