If one imagines two horses with identical genetic makeup with equal physiological ability, ridden by jockeys with equal riding skill and with the same way of riding a race, being raced against each other, all things being equal the two horses should finish at exactly the same time. But what if one of the horses were given ‘formula X’ to improve its performance, enabling it to win outright. ‘For...

This paper is part of a project to match real-world descriptions of instances of objects to models of objects. We use a rich ontology to describe instances and models at multiple levels of detail and multiple levels of abstraction. The models are described using qualitative probabilities. This paper is about the problem of type uncertainty; what if we have a qualitative distribution over the ty...

Optimality Theory (OT) is a formal linguistic model in which grammars consist of a universal set of violable constraints that are ranked in a language-particular hierarchy. Lower-ranked constraints are often forcibly violated in order to improve satisfaction of higher-ranked constraints. The optimal or most harmonic pronunciation of a given word is that output candidate which best fulfills the ...

Attention gradually shifted to open market operations. With this activity the monetary authority did not have to await the initiative of the commercial banks in the creation of reserves. Through an affirmative use of open market purchases or sales, the Federal Reserve had acquired the initiative in the creation of reserves. But this did not prove to be the perfect answer. Particularly was this ...

People have been creating geometric figures with computer programs consisting of turtle commands such as forward and right since the late 1960s [1]. Here I describe a program that takes in two such programs and produces a new program capable of producing both figures and all the intermediate figures. It can produce a figure that is one third circle and two thirds triangle or one that is half st...

The preservation of your identity is a fundamental right. In many situations, you need to claim your identity and this claim needs to be verified somehow. The technology called biometrics may help. But, what if a deliberate impostor claims your identity? Will this forgery be always detected? Biometric identity verification is imperfect. This presentation will review some of the techniques that ...

this study investigated the effectiveness of individual and collaborative outputbasedfocus-on-form instructional tasks on the acquisition of english inversionstructures by efl learners. moreover, it explored the developmental trend oflearners’ inversion acquisition. to this end, 60 homogeneous efl learners wereassigned to individual and collaborative output groups. they were exposed to textsenc...

Background & Aim: Energy is one of important debates in agriculture ecology and for this reason; the ratio of output and input energy in different agriculture ecosystems has been calculated. If one can reduce, input energy level into farms through the indices like poisons, fertilization, tractor energy and lab our force. In addition to the net income of the farmers, this issue would play a sign...

Short-term prediction of traffic flow is central to alleviating congestion and controlling the negative impacts of environmental pollution resulting from vehicle emissions on both inter- and intra-urban highways. The strong need to monitor and control congestion time and costs for metropolis in developing countries has therefore motivated the current study. This paper establishes the applicatio...