Abstract Many aspects of a new language, including grammar rules, can be acquired and accessed within minutes. In the present study, we investigate how initial learners respond when rules novel language are not adhered to. Through spoken word-picture association-learning, tonal non-tonal speakers were taught artificial words. Along with lexicosemantic content expressed by consonants, words cont...

Ramsey’s theorem says that for every clique H1 and for every graph H2 with no edges, all graphs containing neither of H1,H2 as induced subgraphs have bounded order. What if, instead, we exclude a graph H1 with a vertex whose deletion gives a clique, and the complement H2 of another such graph? This no longer implies bounded order, but it implies tightly restricted structure that we describe. Th...

These days, it is becoming increasingly difficult to browse a newspaper, magazine, or business technology news segment on television without seeing some reference to the Internet, and the new information services available on it that offer some sort of access to "cyberspace" or "the information superhighway." Furthermore, it seems that in some cases, these terms are used interchangably describi...