One important element of a patent regime is the non-obviousness requirement, which captures the minimum improvement to the best patented technology a new invention is required to make in order for it to be patentable. We call it the required inventive step. We explore the implications of a patenting regime based on required inventive step, by incorporating such intellectual property protection ...

The present stage of development the world economy is characterized by a spread innovation, rapid global and national protection systems and, especially, intellectual property. dynamism interstate relations accompanied an increase various violations property rights, including counterfeiting, falsification, piracy, plagiarism. purpose study to generalize trends in violation identify main problem...

We report a hitherto undocumented causal mechanism of how patent protection affects exports. The empirical analysis leverages unique data on the worldwide patenting and exporting activities at product level for universe French firms. Exploiting heterogeneity coverage within firm–product–country destinations, we find evidence premium. Goods protected by patents in destination country are associa...

ELECT Pilot power allocation is investigated under the framework of physical layer secure communications in time-division duplex systems, where the secret keys are generated from the estimates of sparse wireless channels. The joint optimisation of secret key capacity and sparse channel estimation performance based on pilot power allocation is formulated as a convex optimisation problem. Conside...

Many developing-country governments rely heavily on trade tax revenue. Therefore, trade liberalization can be a potential source of significant fiscal instability and may affect government spending on development activities—at least in the short run. This article investigates whether donors use aid to compensate recipient nations for lost trade revenue or perhaps to reward them for moving towar...

Recent strides in economic complexity have shown that the future development of nations can be predicted with a single “economic fitness” variable, which captures countries' competitiveness international trade. The predictions by this low-dimensional approach could match or even outperform based on much more sophisticated methods, such as those International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, all pr...

We propose deceptive secret sharing, which is a novel approach to provide both confidentiality and deception in distributed storage systems. The motivation for this is to protect confidentiality as far as possible while acknowledging that no confidentiality scheme provides perfect protection. If confidentiality is breached and information is accessed by unauthorized individuals, our deceptive s...

A corpus -based diachronic analysis of patent documents, based mainly on the morphologically productive use of certain terms can help in tracking the evolution of key developments in a rapidly e volving specialist field. The patent texts were o btained from the US Patent & Trade Marks Office’s on-line service and the terms were extracted automatically from the texts. The chosen specialist field...

A well-developed theoretical literature - dating back at least to Nordhaus (1969) - has analyzed optimal patent policy design. We re-present the core trade-off of the Nordhaus model and highlight an empirical question which emerges from the Nordhaus framework as a key input into optimal patent policy design: namely, what is the elasticity of R&D investment with respect to the patent term? We th...