Miners in Australia frequently perform physically demanding work under high ambient temperatures and humidity, often whilst wearing personal protective equipment, leading to heat-related illnesses. This study investigated effects of replacing 100% and 50% sweat losses with 5% carbohydrate liquid or ice-slurry solution on core temperature during simulated mining conditions. Five randomized tread...

A frustrated system is one whose symmetry precludes the possibility that every pairwise interaction ("bond") in the system can be satisfied at the same time. Such systems are common in all areas of physical and biological science. In the most extreme cases, they can have a disordered ground state with "macroscopic" degeneracy; that is, one that comprises a huge number of equivalent states of th...

Using measurements of time-variable gravity from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites, we determined mass variations of the Antarctic ice sheet during 2002-2005. We found that the mass of the ice sheet decreased significantly, at a rate of 152 +/- 80 cubic kilometers of ice per year, which is equivalent to 0.4 +/- 0.2 millimeters of global sea-level rise per year. Most of this...

V. Masson-Delmotte, G. Dreyfus, P. Braconnot, S. Johnsen, J. Jouzel, M. Kageyama, A. Landais, M.-F. Loutre, J. Nouet, F. Parrenin, D. Raynaud, B. Stenni, and E. Tuenter Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Bat 701 L’Orme des Merisiers, CEA Saclay, 91 191 Gif-sur-Yvette cédex, France Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Institute...

0022-1694/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.024 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 414 229 6756; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (H.R. Bravo). Ice duration has shortened and the ice-off date has become earlier for Lake Mendota from 1905 to 2000 as air temperatures have warmed and snowfall has increased. In addition, the ice record has cyclic components at i...

The freezing of water is greatly influenced by the ice−water interfacial free energy. Yet, no consistent experimental measures of this thermodynamic parameter can be found. In this work we provide estimates for the ice Ih− water interfacial free energy at the normal melting temperature for different crystal planes (basal, primary prismatic, and secondary prismatic) using some widely used water ...

[1] Water is the dominant component of volcanic gas emissions, and water phase transformations, including the formation of ice, can be significant in the dynamics of volcanic clouds. The effectiveness of volcanic ash particles as ice-forming nuclei (IN) is poorly understood and the sparse data that exist for volcanic ash IN have been interpreted in the context of meteorological, rather than vol...

objective(s): inflammation is an immune response toward injuries. although inflammation is healing response, but in some condition it will lead to chronic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, alzheimer’s and various cancer. indonesian cassia (cinnamomum burmanni c. nees & t. ness) known to contain coumarin, is widely used for alternative medicine es...

HARMONIE-AROME is a convection-permitting non-hydrostatic model that includes the multipurpose SURFEX surface model. It is developed for high resolution (1–3 km) weather forecasting and applied in a number of regions in Europe and the Mediterranean. A version of HARMONIE-AROME is also under development for regional climate modelling. Here we run HARMONIE-AROME for a domain over Greenland that i...