Moti Mizrahi has argued that Thomas Kuhn does not have a good argument for the incommensurability of successive scientific paradigms. With Rouse, Andersen, and others, I defend a view on which Kuhn primarily was trying to explain scientific practice in Structure. Kuhn, like Hilary Putnam, incorporated sociological and psychological methods into his history of science. On Kuhn’s account, the edu...

Distribution is a tool for creating a competitive advantage. In choosing the distribution method, costs should be taken into account. In this research I will explain distribution channels that include intensive distribution, selective distribution and exclusive distribution. Exactly, the intensive distribution as the one of the main distribution channels will be explained. Also the advantages a...

human beings as a percipient creature always deals with “understanding” and every action and reaction of him is accompanied with understanding. from early times, this permanent and significant feature of understanding has made the scholars to investigate the structure and methods for achieving a valid understanding. augustine as a christian impressive saint in early middle age and rumi as a mys...

one of the most important reasons for the success of literary figure is his sufficient use of story elements such as characterization, plot, point of view, symbols. this study critically analyses the different literary elements in naguib mahfouz’s famous collection of short stories, “the infamous house” consisting of 18 stories.  at first, we offer a definition of the short story as a genre and...

ethan kohlberg, the jewish orientalist and specialist on shi‘a, sees the distortion in holy scriptures, including quran, inevitable. from his point of view, some quranic verses confirm this point. his second proof is the history of the quran and the time when its whole text was written down. in his viewpoint,   hadiths which prove that the quran had been written down in abu bakr’s time ore orie...

buraq baba or buraq e rumi of mawlawiya sect was born in tuqat (between kunya and sivas) (mid of 7th century a.h).he became one of mashayikh of baba'iya after his apprentice to his murshid sari saltuq and was entitled buraq. apparently baba'iya was subdivision of mawlawiya specially its qalandari tariqas (ways) which was vocal in azerbaijan and anatolia for a long time. buraq baba&apo...

A design pattern description is much more complex than a semi-formal solution, often restricted to a class diagram. Applying a pattern mainly depends on the solution specification but a lot of useful information can be found into other items. Neglecting variants of the main solution the pattern engineer might explain can be detrimental to the pattern itself because, most of the time, they affec...

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the light in modern concept has accompanied by theater as one of the formative elements of showing art from the first days of theater emergence and todays various functions have been defined for that and it has been and is being used for different purpose. on the other hand, the light is always with shadow on the scene and lack of light causes to darkness on the scene. so, the light, shadow, an...