Neonates have a higher perioperative mortality risk largely due to the degree of prior illness of the infants, the complexity of their surgeries, and infant physiology. It is important to consider contributing anesthetic factors during the perioperative period that may affect cerebral perfusion and neurocognitive outcome, such as alterations in hemodynamics and ventilation. Limitations of blood...

Four cases of poisoning by nitrous fumes are reported. Three patients presented with pulmonary oedema, and one of these progressed to the phase of bronchiolitis obliterans; the fourth patient presented with the clinical features of bronchiolitis obliterans. Pulmonary function studies in both phases showed a predominantly restrictive pattern of ventilatory abnormality with a tendency to hypoxaem...

The relation between the carbon dioxide tension of the capillary blood and the state of the blood vessels of the skin has been studied plethysmographically in curarized patients anaesthetized with halothanc in oxygen. It was observed that hypocapnia consistently caused constriction of the cutaneous blood vessels. The vasoconstrictive reaction was uninfluenced by hexamethonium bromide but was bl...

A 42 year old woman with long standing Raynaud's disease, unresponsive to medical and surgical treatment, was noted to have a typical history of the hyperventilation syndrome. Rewarming of the hands following cold challenge was markedly prolonged in the presence of hypocapnia. It is suggested that hyperventilation may have an aetiological role in maintaining digital artery spasm in Raynaud's di...

Key points The human brain is particularly vulnerable to heat stress; this manifests as impaired cognition, orthostatic tolerance, work capacity and eventually, death. brain's limitation in the often ascribed inadequate cerebral blood flow (CBF), but elevated intracranial pressure commonly observed mammalian models of stroke can on its own cause functional impairment. CBF response incremental s...