Psammomys obesus is a model of type 2 diabetes that displays resistance to insulin and deranged beta-cell response to glucose. We examined the major signaling pathways for insulin release in P. obesus islets. Islets from hyperglycemic animals utilized twice as much glucose as islets from normoglycemic diabetes-prone or diabetes-resistant controls but exhibited similar rates of glucose oxidation...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Temperature alterations are known to influence the outcome of transient ischemia, even when instituted in the postischemic period. Since preischemic hyperglycemia aggravates ischemic brain damage, the question of whether hyperglycemic animals become hyperthermic arose. To explore this possibility, we measured body temperature telemetrically in normoglycemic and hyperglyce...

Both obesity and chronic inflammation are often associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat (fa/fa) is an obese animal model frequently used in type 2 diabetes research. The current study determines whether chronic administration (from 5 weeks of age through 24 weeks of age) of salsalate, a salicylate with anti-inflammatory properties, would be ef...

Vasodilation and increased blood flow are characteristic early vascular responses to acute hyperglycemia and tissue hypoxia. In hypoxic tissues these vascular changes are linked to metabolic imbalances associated with impaired oxidation of NADH to NAD+ and the resulting increased ratio of NADH/NAD+. In hyperglycemic tissues these vascular changes also are linked to an increased ratio of NADH/NA...

Deep hibernators that spend winter in a hypothermic coma below ground can still emerge and reproduce in spring at the right moment. A recent study shows that specific cells of the pituitary may harbor the internal calendar responsible for this.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are potentially fatal hyperglycemic crises that occur as acute complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The authors provide a review of the current epidemiology, precipitating factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment of DKA and HHS. The discovery of insulin in 1921 changed the life ...

background the malonyl-coa decarboxylase (mcd, ec.4.1.1.9) enzyme regulates malonyl-coa levels. the effect of aerial parts extracts of urtica dioica (ud) on mcd is poorly understood. objectives the present experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ud aerial parts extracts on mcd level. materials and methods in this experimental study, two groups of rats were used: normal and hyperglyc...

Hyperglycemic crises present a disease continuum of diabetic emergency. There are three types of hyperglycemic crisis in clinical practice: 1) diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 2) hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), and 3) mixed DKA/HHS (1,2). The prevalence of diabetes in the elderly is extremely high and growing (3–5). The elderly also have a higher mortality risk for hyperglycemic crises; the...

We herein present the case of a 21-year-old diabetic obese woman who developed ketoacidosis following the administration of ipragliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. At the time of admission, although her serum glucose level was only 175 mg/dL, laboratory tests showed ketoacidosis. Interestingly, hyperglycosuria persisted, even after the discontinuation of ipragliflozin...