background: plants infection with microorganisms as well as physical factors such as osmotic stresses especially drought stress induced particular secondary metabolite production. objective: plant root and shoot hyoscyamine (hyo) and scopolamine (sco) variations were investigated under three water deficit stress (wds) levels as 30 (w1), 60 (w2) and 90 % (w3) water depletion of field capacity an...

Feline herpetic keratitis (infectious keratoconjunctivitis), an infection of the conjunctiva and cornea that is common in cats, involves a three-pronged treatment approach: (1) antiviral therapy, (2) immunomodulatory therapy, and (3) antibacterial therapy. Since very few agents have been approved for the treatment of feline herpetic keratitis, and many of the drugs that were approved at one tim...

Hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia occurring in the first few weeks of life primarily indicate aldosterone deficiency due to salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia (SL-CAH), while mineralocorticoid deficiency and insensitivity are the main causes of hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia in older infants. Some patients who present with vomiting and poor sucking, who have hyponatremia and hyperpotas...

Anomalous dimension and higher conserved charges in the sl(2) sector of N = 4 SYM for generic spin s and twist L are described by using a novel kind of nonlinear integral equation (NLIE). The latter can be derived under typical situations of the SYM sectors, i.e. when the scattering need not depend on the difference of the rapidities and these, in their turn, may also lie on a bounded range. He...

An efficient protocol for enhancement of total alkaloids production from suspension cultures of A. belladonna L. was established. The effect of MS-medium supplemented with different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzyl adenine (BA) on growth parameters as well as total alkaloid production was investigated. In the same connection, the effect of biotic stress caused by vario...

Plants have been important in healing human disease for millennia. Herbal medicines have served human cultures worldwide, and have also been important sources of modern pharmaceuticals. Specific phytochemical groups from higher plants have been the sources of the bulk of natural product drugs used in biomedicine (Raskin et al., 2002). The plant-derived alkaloids that are widely used as drugs in...

Stachydrine (I), the methyl betaine of proline, occurs in a number of plants (1). Its biogenesis has been the subject of an investigation by Klein and Linser (2) who found an increase in stachydrine content of the planbs after an injection of proline into the hollow stems of Guleopsis ochroleuca and Stachys palustris. They suggest two schemes for the biogenesis of proline, one from ornithine, t...

A key step in the biosynthesis of flavonoids is the hydroxylation of (2s)-flavanones in the 3 position to form the respective dihydroflavonols. The reaction is catalyzed by F30H, a soluble fraction enzyme requiring 2-oxoglutarate, oxygen, Fez+, and ascorbate for full activity (Heller and Forkmann, 1988). By using genetic mutants that lack F 3 0 H activity, cDNA clones have been identified that ...