Introduction: In the point of physical view, there are no significant differences between tumor and normal tissues during radiation therapy. Radio-sensitizers have a key role to address the issue. Exploiting high atomic number, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been introduced as novel radio-sensitizers and have shown promising result in the field. Owing to high mass attenuation c...

Over the years, development of adaptable monitoring systems to be integrated into soldiers’ body gear, making them as comfortable and lightweight possible (avoiding use rigid electronics), has become essential. Electrospun microfibers are a great material for this application due their excellent properties, especially flexibility lightness. Their functionalization with graphene nanoplatelets (G...

Recent advances in theranostic nanomedicine can promote stem cell and immune cell-based therapy. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown to be promising agents for in-vivo cell-tracking in cell-based therapy applications. Yet a crucial challenge is to develop a reliable protocol for cell upload with, on the one hand, sufficient nanoparticles to achieve maximum visibility of cells, while on th...

Modulation of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is a crucial factor in cerebellar morphogenesis. Stimulation of granule neuron progenitor (GNP) proliferation is a central function of SHH signalling, but how this is controlled locally is not understood. We show that two sequentially expressed members of the contactin (CNTN) family of adhesion molecules, TAG1 and F3, act antagonistically to contro...

A simple reaction process is developed to synthesize blue, green, yellow and red colour graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) from carbon fibers. Here, we have focused on synthesis of near infra-red GNPs and their biological application for optical imaging of deep tissues and organs.

A novel voltammetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) composite was developed. The nanocomposite modified electrode was characterized using atoms force microscope (AFM). The electrochemical behavior of meclofenoxate hydrochloride (MFX) was investigated on this sensor. The results indicated that the GNPs/SWNTs modified electrode exhibited effic...

Bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2 and BMP4) inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation of cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) and primary GNP-like medulloblastoma (MB) cells. This occurs through rapid proteasome-mediated degradation of Math1 (Atoh1), a transcription factor expressed in proliferating GNPs. Ectopic expression of Atoh1, but not of Sonic hedgehog (Shh)-regulate...

Cancer ranks among the leading causes of human mortality. Cancer becomes intractable when it spreads from the primary tumor site to various organs (such as bone, lung, liver, and then brain). Unlike solid tumor cells, cancer stem cells and metastatic cancer cells grow in a non-attached (suspension) form when moving from their source to other locations in the body. Due to the non-attached growth...

Graphite nanoplates (GnPs) are exfoliated graphite particles in the form of thin flakes—with large surface areas and nanosized thicknesses— that tend to agglomerate because of van der Waals interactions. GnPs are commonly used to reinforce composite materials. It is expected that maximum composite performance levels should occur when GnP agglomerates are dispersed within the polymer matrix as p...

Introduction During the process photodynamic therapy (PDT), bleaching of photosensitizer induced by irradiation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can provide some information concerning the efficiency of treatment. Since gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been highlighted as efficient drug delivery systems, in this study, by utilizing GNPs conjugated with 5 aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA-...