Abstract. We carried out a closure study of aerosol–cloud interactions during stratocumulus formation using large eddy simulation model UCLALES–SALSA (University California Los Angeles model–sectional aerosol module for applications) and observations from the 2020 cloud sampling campaign at Puijo SMEAR IV (Station Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations) in Kuopio, Finland. The unique observat...

Abstract. Accurate estimation of the melting level (ML) is essential in radar rainfall to mitigate bright band enhancement, classify hydrometeors, correct for rain attenuation and calibrate measurements. This paper presents a novel robust ML-detection algorithm based on either vertical profiles (VPs) or quasi-vertical (QVPs) built from operational polarimetric weather scans. The depends only da...

Abstract This study examines the relationship between frozen hydrometeors and latent heating in model simulations evaluates capability of Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) Model to reproduce observed their tropical cyclone (TC) intensification. Previous modeling studies have emphasized importance both amount location modulating evolution TC intensity. However, lack observations limits a full u...

In this study, based on the retrieval data from Fengyun geostationary meteorological satellite and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite, a large-scale precipitation case in eastern China is selected to address systematic deviations of deterministic forecasts for clouds precipitation. A multi-physical ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) constructed research Weather Research Forecast...

Non-catching type gauges are the emerging class of in situ precipitation measurement instruments. For these instruments, rigorous testing and calibration more challenging than for traditional gauges. Hydrometeors characteristics like particle size, shape, fall velocity density must be reproduced a controlled environment to provide reference precipitation, instead equivalent water flow used catc...

Rain Signatures on C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images acquired over ocean are common and can dominate the backscattered signal from surface. In many cases, inability to decipher between rain signatures disturb analysis of SAR scenes for maritime applications. This study relies Sentinel-1 acquisitions in Interferometric Wide swath mode high-resolution measurements ground-based weather ...