655 Fresh water is under pressure in the humid tropics from population growth, land use and climate change, all of which are influenced by humans. These pressures are likely to have profound consequences. Here we present a research vision for the humid tropics as an outcome of a community workshop held in Hawaii in March 2011. This report includes various perspectives from the international sci...

1 Weather and Climate Models 2 JUDITH BERNER 3 National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 4 ULRICH ACHATZ 5 Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 6 LAURIANE BATTÉ 7 CNRM-GAME, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France 8 LISA BENGTSSON 9 Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden 10 ALVARO DE LA CÁMARA 11 National...

We develop a viscous model of plate bending suitable for studying ice-sheet flexure due to subglacial lake filling and draining, and apply this model to determine the area of ice-sheet uplift surrounding a subglacial lake. The choice of a viscous model reflects our interest in Antarctic subglacial lakes, which can fill and drain on time scales of months to decades. Experiments with idealized la...

It is well known that land-use changes influence the hydrological cycle and that those changes in the hydrological cycle influence land use. The sophisticated spatial dynamic planning tools that have been developed in the last decades to support policy makers in the decision making process do not take into account the mutual feedbacks between land use and hydrology. In this study a framework fo...

Due to heterogeneity of lands over ungauged/sparsely gauged watersheds at which the hydrological flows occur, there is a need to upscale the hydrological conservation equations to the scale of the grid areas of the numerical mesh laid out over the watershed which is being modelled. A literature review of the various methods utilized in hydrology for the upscaling of hydrological conservation eq...

An operational hydrological ensemble forecasting system based on a meteorological ensemble prediction system (M-EPS) coupled with a hydrological model searches to capture the uncertainties associated with the meteorological prediction to better predict river flows. However, the structure of the hydrological model is also an important source of uncertainty that has to be taken into account. This...

Hydrological processes such as runoff and contaminant transport are usually affected by various complex interrelated variables. Moreover, uncertainties in variables estimate are the common stamp of these processes. Due to this complex nature, Physical modeling of any hydrological system requires availability of large, accurate and detailed data related to all influencing variables, which are no...

Regional hydrological modeling in ungauged regions has attracted growing attention in water resources research. The southern Tibetan Plateau often suffers from data scarcity in watershed hydrological simulation and water resources assessment. This hinders further research characterizing the water cycle and solving international water resource issues in the area. In this study, a multi-spatial d...

Increasing rates of water extraction and regulation of hydrologic processes, coupled with destruction of natural vegetation, pollution and climate change, are jeopardizing the future persistence of wetlands and the ecological and socio-economic functions they support. Globally, it is estimated that 50% of wetlands have been lost since the 1900’s, with agricultural changes being the main cause. ...

We have developed a framework for flood mitigation risk analysis that applies generally to floods, and have applied it in this study of flood mitigation risk analysis for the Raritan Basin in New Jersey, USA. The framework we have developed involves a conceptual model of the relation among meteorological activity, hydrological models, infrastructure intervention, fine-grained topography, and ec...