Postembryonic development of plants depends on the activity of apical meristems established during embryogenesis. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) and the root apical meristem (RAM) have similar but distinct cellular organization. Arabidopsis FASCIATA1 (FAS1) and FAS2 genes maintain the cellular and functional organization of both SAM and RAM, and FAS gene products are subunits of the Arabidopsi...

The application of first-principles computational methods to the study of ferroelectric perovskites has greatly expanded our theoretical understanding of this important class of materials. These methods have most recently been applied to an increasingly wide range of ferroelectric materials, with special attention to their lattice dynamics, phase transitions, and dielectric and piezoelectric pr...

Helen B. Anderson 1, Lennart Nilsen 1,*, Hans Tømmervik 2 ID , Stein Rune Karlsen 3, Shin Nagai 4 and Elisabeth J. Cooper 1 1 Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway; [email protected] (H.B.A.); [email protected] (E.J.C.) 2 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM-High North Centre for ...

Ralph Freese Department of Mathematics University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 In this paper we look at some of the problems on free lattices and free modular lattices which are of an order theoretic nature. We review some of the known results, give same new results, and present several open problems. Every countable partially ordered set can be order embedded into a countable free...

The growth of Online Social Network ing (OSN) has encouraged new ways of communicating and sharing information and is used regularly by millions of people; it now seem s that OSN will be an enduring part of everyday life. The rapid growth of OSN has also resulted in an increase in its use for significant criminal activities and perpetrators are becoming increasingly sophisticated in their attem...

The Notch signaling pathway is an intercellular communication network vital to metazoan development. Notch activation leads to the nuclear localization of the intracellular portion (NICD) of the Notch receptor. Once in the nucleus, NICD binds the transcription factor CSL through a bivalent interaction involving the high-affinity RAM region and the lower affinity ANK domain, converting CSL from ...

We have identified ramshackle (ram) as a dominant suppressor of hedgehog loss-of-function in the developing Drosophila eye. We have characterized the gene and it encodes a double bromodomain protein with eight WD40 repeats. The Ram protein is localized predominantly to polytene chromosome interbands and is required for the transcription of some genes. ram is an essential gene and null mutants d...

Trees face the dilemma that achieving high plant productivity is accompanied by a risk of drought-induced hydraulic failure due to a trade-off in the trees' vascular system between hydraulic efficiency and safety. By investigating the xylem anatomy of branches and coarse roots, and measuring branch axial hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation in 4-year-old field-grown aspen plan...

BACKGROUND Isothermal amplification methods provide alternatives to PCR that may be preferable for some nucleic acid target detection tasks. Among current isothermal target detection methods, ramified rolling circle amplification (RAM) of single-stranded DNA circles that are formed by ligation of linear DNA probes (C-probes or padlock probes) offers a unique target detection system by linked pr...

earth pressure balance tunnel boring machines (epb-tbms) are favorably applied in urban tunneling projects. despite their numerous advantages, considerable delays and high maintenance cost are the main disadvantages these machines suffer from. reliability, availability, and maintainability (ram) analysis is a practical technique that uses failure and repair dataset obtained over a reasonable ti...