Knowledge of soil hydraulic and thermal properties is essential for studies involving the combined effects of soil temperature and water input on water flow and redistribution processes under field conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate the parameters characterizing these properties from a transient water flow and heat transport field experiment. Real-time sensors built by the ...

The dynamic adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using a granulated activated carbon and an activated carbon cloth has been studied using fixed bed adsorption column. The breakthrough curves at different hydraulic loading rates (HLR), bed depth and feed concentration (Co) have been examined. The breakthrough time at any given concentration of the effluent decreases with increasing h...

We have designed a new polycentric knee adopting a hydraulic unit and an intelligent mechanism. The biomechanical parameters of this prototype, such as the stance duration, peak knee flexion angle in stance and swing, peak hip flexion angle, and peak hip extension moments were analyzed at three different cadences (88, 96, 104 steps/min) in three amputees, and then compared to those of polycentr...

ity and the van Genuchten . In this study, we apply this approach to measurements of wetting front advance Inverse methods to obtain soil hydraulic parameters are becoming made under simulated field conditions. increasingly popular, due to their more rapid, complete, and robust estimations of hydraulic parameters compared with traditional direct Standard methods typically determine the hydrauli...

This chapter discusses a modeling and passivity based control of hydraulic arms which are robotic, that is, have asymmetric cylinders. Hydraulic arms are very important components in field robotics, such as construction, agriculture, rescue , demining robotics and so on since hydraulic arms are superior to electric arms with respect to the power to weight ratio and also can keep joint forces ev...

Spatial gradients in mangrove tree height in barrier islands of Belize are associated with nutrient deficiency and sustained flooding in the absence of a salinity gradient. While nutrient deficiency is likely to affect many parameters, here we show that addition of phosphorus (P) to dwarf mangroves stimulated increases in diameters of xylem vessels, area of conductive xylem tissue and leaf area...

Electro-hydraulic actuators are very important tools for industrial processes because they provide linear movement, fast response and accurate positioning of heavy load. Recently, with the research and development of mathematics, control theory and basic theory of hydraulic, hydraulic control technology has been developed and has been widely used in many applications such as industrial automati...

Impedance control of a hydraulic servoactuator joint system is discussed in this paper. Impedance control imparts a desired behavior to a system, rather than it controls position or force individually. Due to nonlinear properties of hydraulic actuators, impedance control is difficult. The control strategy presented here involves a combined feedforward and feedback control. An impedance filter m...

This paper studies the coordinated motion control of a hydraulic arm driven by single-rod hydraulic actuators (a scaled down version of an industrial backhoe/excavator arm). Compared to conventional robot manipulators driven by electrical motors, hydraulic arms have a richer nonlinear dynamics and strong couplings among various joints (or hydraulic cylinders). This paper presents a physical mod...

in this work, 137cs activity concentration of soil in five depths and in six meteorology stations in terms of bq/kg has been measured. for each thirty soil's samples, parameters such as kind of soil, density and hydraulic coefficient of transmission were determined. correlation coefficient between 137cs activity concentration and raining average, hydraulic coefficient of transmission and s...