sures experienced by a pipeline can be either beneficial or detrimental from an operational performance perspective, depending on the amount, the two phase regime of the mixture (whether homogeneous or slug) and the nature and cause of the transient. It is generally held that when free (undissolved) air, or gas, is present in a hydraulic system, it can greatly reduce the surge pressure levels b...

circular- crested weirs are employed for flow measurement among their other wide applications in hydraulic engineering. they can also be used to control water level in farm ponds and reservoirs. advantages of the circular crested weirs as compared to other weirs include the stable overflow pattern, the simplicity of design and their associated lower costs. in this study, the curvilinear flow pa...

Using experimental models along with conducting numerical analysis have been widely used in performance recognition and optimization of hydraulic equipments. Numerical modeling has lower cost rather than experimental one; however practical tests are commonly used because of the hydraulic structure importance especially in dams. Meanwhile numerical methods could be used for future designs throug...

Nowadays, hydropower plays an essential role in the energy market. Due to their fast response and regulation capacity, hydraulic turbines operate at off-design conditions with a high number of starts and stops. In this situation, dynamic loads and stresses over the structure are high, registering some failures over time, especially in the runner. Therefore, it is important to know the dynamic r...

allocation and removing of excess water from the irrigation and drainage network is one of the most important activities in the management of these networks. side weir is one of the most common structures for this purpose. study on the flow hydraulic characteristics of this structure included two parts, defining the water surface profiles and estimating the discharge coefficient. to estimate th...

A set of experiments was carried out to determine what effects periphyton communities could have on near-bed hydraulic fields. We analysed velocity distribution, skewness and kurtosis coefficients, Reynolds stresses, relative turbulence intensity, coefficient of eddy diffusivity, velocity spectra, and turbulence scales at two flows with, and without, diatom-dominated periphyton on the bed. We f...

Genetic Programming has been used to determine Chèzy resistance coefficient for full circular corrugated channels. Three corrugated plastic pipes have been experimentally studied in order to generate data. The tests aim at measuring hydraulic parameters of the open-channel flow for some slopes, from 3.49–17.37% (2–10°), in order to discover the dependence of the channel resistance coefficient w...

Dynamical assimilation of surface elevation from tide gauges is investigated to estimate the bottom drag coefficient and surface stress as a first step in improving modeled tidal and wind-driven circulation in the Chesapeake Bay. A two-dimensional shallow water model and an adjoint variational method with a limited memory quasi-Newton optimization algorithm are used to achieve this goal. Assimi...