The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was identified as a new disease in 1981 (1,2) and, its aetiological agent, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), was discovered in 1983 (3). Two types of HIV, i.e. HIV-1 and HIV-2, have been identified (4). Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 have similar structures, tropisms and disease outcome, although they have limited shared nucleotide sequence homology (42...

Introduction: Oral manifestations can be the first signs of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and a useful marker for the progression of this disease. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral manifestations and examine their relationship with socio-demographic factors in HIV-positive patients in the health centers affiliated to Zahedan...

objective(s): candidiasis infection caused by candida albicans has been known as a major problem in patients with immune disorders. the objective of this study was to genotype the c. albicans isolates obtained from oral cavity of patients with positive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv+) with or/and without oropharyngeal candidiasis (opc). materials and methods:a total of 100 c. albicans isolat...

introduction : the decreased level of immunity in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients increases their vulnerability to various opportunistic fungal infections. oral candidiasis has been found to be the most common fungal infection among hiv infected patients. the present study was conducted to evaluate the spectrum of various opportunistic fungal infections and their correlatio...

Infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) leads to the development of a disease state similar to AIDS in man. Recent studies have identified the chemokine receptor CXCR4 as the major receptor for cell culture-adapted strains of FIV, suggesting that FIV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share a common mechanism of infection involving an interaction between the virus and a member of...

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, asymptomatic or with acquired immunodeficiency virus, produced 10-fold less interleukin 12 (IL-12) free heavy chain and fivefold less biologically active IL-12 heterodimer than PBMC from uninfected healthy donors when challenged in vitro with the common human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. In c...

In this review, we trace the concept and potential functional role of regulatory idiotypes in the immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis C virus (HCV). A major idiotype involved in these viral infections is recognized and defined by a murine monoclonal antibody (1F7). Antibodies expressing the idiotype defined by 1F7 are domi...

We previously constructed a simian immunodeficiency virus+human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) chimeric virus, NM-3rN to generate a pathogenic HIV-1 in macaque monkeys. During the in vivo passage of this virus in several monkeys, a viral strain, R43-56 was obtained which acquired a better replication ability in vivo. MM121, one of the three monkeys inoculated with the R43-56, showed weig...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system. If HIV not treated, it can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome). The purpose of this study was determine relationship between understanding in people living with and healthy lifestyle life. This research descriptive using cross-sectional method. Data collection carried out February 2022 at VCT Clinic RSU...

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a lethal disease caused by the dreaded pathogen, human virus (HIV). Fortunately, antiretroviral therapy (ART) distinctly reduces plasma viral load from blood and thus mitigates HIV-associated morbidity mortality. Further, ART also markedly risk of HIV transmission to sexual partners infants. Consequently, has converted infection into manageable chron...