Mead James G. Anatomy of the External Nasal Passages and Facial Complex in the Delphinidae (Mammalia: Cetacea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 207, 72 pages, 26 figures, 3 tables, 1975.—This study is concerned with the comparative anatomy of the external nasal passages and associated structures in delphinid odontocetes. It has been possible to assemble detailed anatomical informat...

AIMS Review of evidence in support of an oral-facial growth impairment in the development of pediatric sleep apnea in non-obese children. METHOD Review of experimental data from infant monkeys with experimentally induced nasal resistance. Review of early historical data in the orthodontic literature indicating the abnormal oral-facial development associated with mouth breathing and nasal resi...

BACKGROUND Facial aesthetics and rejuvenation are evolving rapidly due to changes in products, procedures, and patient demographics. Clinicians can benefit from ongoing guidance on products, tailoring treatments to individual patients, treating multiple facial areas, and using combinations of products and ways to optimize outcomes. METHODS A multidisciplinary group of aesthetic treatment expe...

BACKGROUND The use of facial fillers has been rapidly increased as the range of injectable products and indications continues to expand. Complications may arise from improper placement or technique. This article highlights the importance of anatomic knowledge when using injectable fillers in the face. METHODS A detailed review of the clinical anatomy of the upper face is performed. Regional a...

<p class="abstract">The anterior inferior cerebellar artery arises at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), usually from lower one third of basilar artery. However, vascular anatomy (AICA) is highly variable. In respect to neurovascular relationship in internal auditory canal (IAC), AICA intimately related with vestibulocochlear and facial nerve. Microvascular compression nerve by an importan...

The study of facial growth is explored in many fields of science, including anatomy, genetics, and forensics. In the field of forensics, it acts as a valuable tool for combating child pornography. The present research proposes a new method, based on relative measurements and fixed references of the human face-specifically considering measurements of the diameter of the iris (iris ratio)-for the...

Skeletal abnormalities are most often used to describe defects in the arms or legs that are associated with genes or chromosomes, or that occur due to an event that happens during pregnancy. Spider lamb syndrome (SLS) is a congenital disorder in sheep breeding that is recognized by some deformities in skeletal system especially in the limbs.A dead day-old cross-breed white lamb with deformed li...

Cranial morphology is widely used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships, but its reliability in reflecting phylogeny and population history has been questioned. Some cranial regions, particularly the face and neurocranium, are believed to be influenced by the environment and prone to convergence. Others, such as the temporal bone, are thought to reflect more accurately phylogenetic relation...

rapid prototyping (rp) is a technique of manufacturing parts by the additive layer manufacturing technology; where, a three-dimensional (3d) model created in a computer aided design (cad) system is sectioned into 2d profiles, which are further constructed by rp layer by layer. its use is not limited to industrial or engineering fields and has extended to the medical field for the manufacturing ...