1. The hierarchy of thought The idea that mental activity can be arranged according to a hierarchy of complexity has ancient origins, with roots in the Aristotelian psychological division of the soul into nutritive, perceptual, and intellectual faculties. Elementary functions dedicated to sustaining life undergird those that engage cognitively with the sensible world, which in turn support the ...

PURPOSE Brainstem gliomas are usually inoperable and have a dismal prognosis. Based on the robust tropisms of neural stem cells (NSC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to brain tumors, we compared the tumor-tropic migratory capacities of these stem cells and evaluated the therapeutic potential of genetically engineered human NSCs encoding cytosine deaminase (CD) and IFNbeta against brainstem gli...

Variability in the health of human populations is greater in economically vulnerable areas. We tested whether this variability reflects and can be explained by: (1) underlying vulnerabilities and capacities of populations and/or (2) differences in the distribution of individual socioeconomic status between populations. Health outcomes were rates of mortality from 12 causes (cardiovascular disea...

Safety factors of enzymes and transporters are defined as the ratio of Vmax (maximal reaction rates at high substrate concentrations) to the reaction rate under actual physiological conditions. Although corresponding safety factors have been measured for macroscopic biological structures and for human-engineered structures, safety factors have been little studied at the molecular level. Some ev...

The paper problematises current conceptualisations of objects in social practices by investigating car parking, using original research material. Motionless cars are not only ‘leftovers’ driving – they actively perform parking while waiting for their users to start again. They infrastructure everyday im|mobility and play a part shaping urban environments. Two modalities practice discerned descr...

As a species-typical trait of Homo sapiens, musicality represents a cognitively complex and biologically grounded capacity worthy of intensive empirical investigation. Four principles are suggested here as prerequisites for a successful future discipline of bio-musicology. These involve adopting: (i) a multicomponent approach which recognizes that musicality is built upon a suite of interconnec...

the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an active research area in nanotechnology. in the present study, antioxidant potential, total reducing capacity and silver nanoparticles (ag nps) synthetic potential of methanolic leaf extracts of seven plant species were evaluated and compared. antioxidant capacity, expressed as µmol trolox equivalents g-1 dw (µmol te g-1 dw), ranged from 116.0 ...