modern-minded man, as the modern time necessities, believes in the concrete world, and if does not deny metaphysics, he finds it unperceivable and unreachable and hence, ignores some of his potential and spiritual abilities.       metaphysics form man’s spiritual life, absence of which results in mental nervousness and leads to nihilism, and thus death, men’s inevitable final destiny, appears ...

this article traces the way women are represented in three novels written by women during the reform government 1375-1384/1996-2005. the most important characteristic of these novels is the internal dialogue of the narrator. this phenomenon helps to penetrate the layers of the female mind and to reach the inner world of women. this is a new phenomenon in the iranian novel and our aim is to know...