The allocation of production across firms is a potentially important explanation of the productivity gap between rich and poor economies. Reforms to trade policy and the domestic financial sector are often both key elements of policy packages aimed at reducing productive distortions. However, the impact of each reform in reallocating production within an economy is usually analysed independentl...

BACKGROUND Adherence to effective malaria medication is extremely important in the context of Cambodia's elimination targets and drug resistance containment. Although the public sector health facilities are accessible to the local ethnic minorities of Ratanakiri province (Northeast Cambodia), their illness itineraries often lead them to private pharmacies selling "cocktails" and artemether inje...

Background Provincial Health Accounts (PHA) as a subset of National Health Accounts (NHA) present financial information for health sectors. It leads to a logical decision making for policy-makers in order to achieve health system goals, especially Fair Financial Contribution (FFC). This study aimed to examine Health Accounts in Kerman Province.   Methods The present analytical study was carried...

Background: The National Health Accounts keep track of all healthcare related activities from the beginning (i.e. resource provision), to the end (i.e. service provision). This study was conducted to address following questions: How is the Iranian health system funded? Who distribute the funds? For what services are the funds spent on?, What service providers receive the funds? Methods: The...

I identify here important changes in how retailing functions are performed due to the penetration of the digital economy. First, in the distribution of goods for final consumption the same functions as before are performed independently of stores and their location. Second, in the distribution of inputs for household production of services the core products that consumers pay for explicitly are...

In addition to greenhouse gas emissions from the industrial, transportation and commercial sectors, emissions from the household sector also contribute to global warming. By examining residents of Taiwan (N = 236), this study aims to reveal the factors that influence households' intention to purchase energy-efficient appliances. The assessment in this study is based on the theory of planned beh...

Any analysis of the impact of major economic shocks (for example a significant change in the world price of a major export) on poverty and inequality requires an economy-wide framework that incorporates considerable detail on how households earn and spend their incomes. Figure 15.1 presents a simple schema delineating the links between households and the economic context within which they opera...

BACKGROUND Providing access to affordable health care for the informal sector remains a considerable challenge for low income countries striving to make progress towards universal health coverage. The objective of the study is to identify the factors shaping the decision to enroll in a cooperative based health scheme for informal workers in Bangladesh and also help to identify the features of i...

Decarbonizing the national energy system by increasing amount of non-conventional renewable resources (NCRRs) is one strategies Colombian government to meet compromises declared in last conference parties (COP 26) (Glasgow 2021). Concretely, it expected that at end 2023, shares NCRRs power grid will increase from <1% 12% through wind and solar power. However, environmental savings may be partia...

The authors estimated components of variance and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to aid in the design of complex surveys and community intervention studies by analyzing data from the Health Survey for England 1994. This cross-sectional survey of English adults included data on a range of lifestyle risk factors and health outcomes. For the survey, households were sampled in 720 postal...