Standard real business cycle models must rely on total factor productivity (TFP) shocks to explain the observed comovement of consumption, investment, and hours worked. This paper shows that a neoclassical model consistent with observed heterogeneity in labor supply and consumption can generate comovement in the absence of TFP shocks. Intertemporal substitution of goods and leisure induces como...

Physicians in general, and residents in particular, are adapting to duty schedules in which they have fewer continuous work hours; however, there are no Canadian guidelines on duty hours restrictions. To better inform resident duty hour policy in Canada, we set out to prepare a set of recommendations that would draw upon evidence reported in the literature and reflect the experiences of residen...

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are common in shift workers. This study examines the relationship between work schedules and GI symptoms, medications, and diagnoses. METHODS In a cross-sectional survey of 343 US auto factory workers, four work schedule variables were examined: assigned shift, number of hours worked, number of night hours, and schedule variability. Multiple regress...

I structurally estimate an incomplete markets life-cycle model with endogenous labor supply using data on the joint distribution of wages, hours, and consumption. The model is successful at matching the evolution of both the first and second moments of the data over the life cycle. The key challenge for the model is to generate declining inequality in annual hours worked over the first half of ...

This paper offers a critical evaluation of the large literature that studies the welfare consequences of the recent shift in the wage structure in the United States. Welfare calculations based on changes in the empirical distributions of consumption and hours worked – analyzed through the lens of a social welfare function– yield welfare losses on the order of two percent of lifetime consumption...

Histopathological examination is a routine process for each tissue in the anatomic pathology laboratory. The stages making histology preparations are fixation stages. type of solution that can be used as fixative other than 10% NBF Carnoy's solution. with relatively fast about 1-4 hours. advantages lyse erythrocytes and dissolve lipids, have ability to maintain cell nuclei, retain glycogen. pur...

This paper presents a macroeconomic model combining heterogeneity in time preference with the imposition of collateral constraints on households. The question analyzed is to what degree the financial reforms in the early 1980s, which lead to the relaxation of these constraints in the United States, can explain the subsequent decline in aggregate volatility. The model predicts a large fraction o...

OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of demographic change on employment patterns for general practitioners, medical specialists and nurses since 1986, and to compare their patterns of retirement. DESIGN AND SETTING Secondary analysis of previously unpublished Australian Bureau of Statistics Census data for the years 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age distribution of GPs, spec...

BACKGROUND Burnout experienced by physicians is concerning because it may affect quality of care. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of burnout among physicians at an academic health science centre and to test the hypothesis that work hours are related to burnout. METHODS All 300 staff physicians, contacted through their personal e-mail, were provided an encrypted link to an anonymous que...

It is often argued that risk-sharing employment relationships provide a better description of labour relations than the standard Walrasian framework. Such relationships have been introduced in macroeconomic models under an assumption of full commitment. In the absence of commitment, however, these relationships must be self-enforcing. This paper examines the impact of limited commitment on labo...