BACKGROUND The accuracy of arterial lines (AL) using the flush test or stopcock test has not been described in children, nor has the difference between invasive arterial blood pressure (IABP) versus non-invasive cuff (NIBP) blood pressure. METHODS After ethics approval and consent, we performed the flush test and stopcock test on AL (to determine over damping, under damping, and optimal dampi...

First flush is an important phenomenon commonlyused in stormwater treatment system design where only the highly concentrated initial part of runoff hydrograph subject to treatment. Despite existing methods for estimating first flush, a robust quantitative definition difficult find. This paper discusses novel approach, new parameter introduced analyse variability discharge pollutants at differen...

A spanwise array of 10 surface mounted hot-film shear-stress sensors coupled with a traversing hot-wire probe are used to identify the conditional structure associated with a large-scale skin-friction event in a high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer (Reτ 14000). Instantaneous shear-stress data indicate the presence of large-scale structures at the wall that are comparable in scale and a...

Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) seedlings were grown for 3 or 4 months (second- and third-flush stages) in greenhouses at two atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) (350 or 700 micromol mol(-1)) and two nitrogen fertilization regimes (6.1 or 0.61 mmol N l(-1) nutrient solution). Combined effects of [CO2] and nitrogen fertilization on partitioning of newly acquired carbon (C) and nitrogen (N)...

The Asian citrus psyllid vectors bacteria responsible for a serious citrus disease known as huanglongbing (also known as citrus greening). Many research endeavors on huanglongbing are dependent on a steady supply of Asian citrus psyllid, which can be facilitated using laboratory or greenhouse colonies maintained on an Asian citrus psyllid host plant. The choice of a plant species may be influen...

Using a system analysis approach compares different systems for handling and treatment of toilet waste and organic household waste. Design issues considered are source separation of urine, use of vacuum toilets and advanced nutrient recovery processes such as Reverse Osmosis (RO). All of the studied systems have low emissions of eutrophying compounds. Other environmental effects are mainly rela...

In an effort to protect the quality of the water system, interest in non-point source pollution is increasing. Recently, studies of non-point sources pollution are continuing in relation to various land-use areas, but such studies have not been fully conducted in railway facility sites. Using monitoring data of railway bridge area with concrete road-bed, the runoff characteristics, pollutant un...