Diverse parasite taxa share hosts both at the population level and within individual hosts, and their interactions, ranging from competitive exclusion to facilitation, can drive community structure and dynamics. Emergent pathogens have the potential to greatly alter community interactions. We found that an emergent fungal entomopathogen dominated pre-existing lethal parasites in populations of ...

Specific host-parasite interactions, where the outcome of exposure to a parasite depends upon the genotypic identity of both parties, have implications for understanding host-parasite coevolution and patterns of genetic diversity. Thus, grasping the extent to which these interactions are mediated by environmental changes in a spatially and temporally heterogeneous world is vital. In this study,...

Little is known of the life-history of many parasitic species. This hinders a full understanding of host-parasitic interactions. The common swift louse fly, Crataerina pallida Latreille (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), an obligate haematophagous parasite of the Common Swift, Apus apus Linnaeus 1758, is one such species. No detrimental effect of its parasitism upon the host has been found. This may be ...

Ocean acidification is predicted to cause major changes in marine ecosystem structure and function over the next century, as species-specific tolerances to acidified seawater may alter previously stable relationships between coexisting organisms. Such differential tolerances could affect marine host-parasite associations, as either host or parasite may prove more susceptible to the stressors as...

Infection patterns of the invasive Anguillicola crassus nematode were investigated in a population of the European eel Anguilla anguilla where parasite invasion is very recent, Loch Lomond, Scotland. Intensity levels of the parasite were associated with differences in fish ontogeny and trophic ecology. Although eels foraged on both fish and invertebrates, individuals which were smaller and fed ...

One of the measures to control visceral leishmaniosis (VL) in Brazil is the identification and culling of the canine reservoir. There is much controversy concerning this strategy, including the proper identification of positive dogs and the fact that the host-parasite relationship changes over time make it more challenging. A dynamic cohort of 62 dogs was followed every three months using serol...

Human malaria is attributed to five species of the Plasmodium parasite (this includes the discovery that P. knowlesi infects humans). The most virulent form of the disease is caused by P. falciparum, which continues to have a major impact on human populations: a third of the world’s population live in malaria endemic areas and upwards of a million individuals succumb to the disease each year, p...

The high avian biodiversity present in the Neotropical region offers a great opportunity to explore the ecology of host-parasite relationships. We present a survey of avian haemoparasites in a megadiverse country and explore how parasite prevalences are related to physical and ecological host characteristics. Using light microscopy, we documented the presence of haemoparasites in over 2000 indi...

Future approaches to equine parasite control must seek greater sustainability by exploiting inherent host resistance and acquired immunity, implementing management procedures that reduce transmission, and using anthelmintic treatments much less frequently and only in selected members of a herd. Author’s address: East Tennessee Clinical Research, Inc., 80 Copper Ridge Farm Road, Rockwood, Tennes...

fantry, at Doranda, Chota Nagpur, were of a malarial origin, and whether there are any clinical differences between the cases in which the malarial organism is found and those in which it was not found. The proportion of cases of fever in which the plasmodium malaria of Laveran lias been found by different observers in India varies very widely, from 0 per cent, by some who have not been able to...