A comparative study of the conditions that place and those in the adjoining are^ would show that the sectional incidence mottled enamel can be correlated with ^ occurrence of fluorides in the drinking wa , supplies. Thus, the analysis of the drinkjj1^ water supply of the afflicted persons shows ^ presence of 0.4 to 0.5 parts (per 100,000) fluorine, whereas the water supplies for the otn section...

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) released the fourth edition of Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality in July 2011. In this edition, the 400-µg/L drinking-water guideline for manganese (Mn) was discontinued with the assertion that because "this health-based value is well above concentrations of manganese normally found in drinking water, it is not considered necessary to derive a ...

The development of technologies for the provision of clean and plentiful supplies of freshwater has been a central feature of successful civilizations. In advanced economies, we have grown to assume that the tap at home will always provide as much as we want of clean drinking water. Rapid economic development and population growth globally, in particular in cities, are hugely expanding expectat...

The year 2005 marks the beginning of the "International Decade for Action: Water for Life" and renewed effort to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) to reduce by half the proportion of the world's population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and sanitation by 2015. Currently, UNICEF and WHO estimate that 1.1 billion people lack access to improved water supplies and 2...

Water safety plans (WSPs) are promoted by the WHO as the most effective means of securing drinking water safety. To date most experience with WSPs has been within utility supplies, primarily in developed countries. There has been little documented experience of applying WSPs to small community-managed systems, particularly in developing countries. This paper presents a case study from Banglades...

Monochloramine disinfection of municipal water supplies is associated with decreased risk for Legionnaires' disease. We conducted a 2-year, prospective, environmental study to evaluate whether converting from chlorine to monochloramine for water disinfection would decrease Legionella colonization of hot water systems. Water and biofilm samples from 53 buildings were collected for Legionella cul...

lack of sewage collection systems, percolation of surface waters, and seepage of wells have raised the groundwater table in shiraz area in the south of iran. the growing population generates environmental pollution resulting in the degradation of the quality of surface and groundwaters used for agriculture. inorganic and organic pollutants have been traced in shiraz water resources. heavy metal...