A novel and environmentally benign approach is described to combine reactions and separations, using simultaneously ionic liquids (ILs) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2). The novel approach is based on the phenomenon that two (partially) immiscible liquid phases upon pressurization with CO2 is able to force to form one homogeneous fluid phase. The homogeneous phase allows reactions to be...

Recycling of homogeneous catalysts could be achieved by using magnetic nanoparticles and solid-phase beads, but nanoparticle-supported catalysis proceeded much faster than its counterpart on resins.

In this paper a 1-D model for the evolution of inelastic particles in a thermal bath is studied. We derive an equation for the evolution of the probability density of the particles in phase space. The analysis of the homogeneous equation is the main objective of this paper. The existence and uniqueness of this equation is addressed. Finally, we prove that the asymptotic behavior is governed by ...

In this study a three-phase homogeneous model was developed to simulate the performance of the molten carbonate fuel cell ~MCFC! cathode. The homogeneous model is based on volume averaging of different variables in the three phases over a small volume element. This approach can be used to model porous electrodes as it represents the real system much better than the conventional agglomerate mode...

In an isotropic, homogeneous, nondissipative, dielectric–magnetic medium that is simply moving with respect to an inertial reference frame, planewave solutions of the Maxwell curl postulates can be such that the phase velocity and the time–averaged Poynting vector are mutually orthogonal. Orthogonal–phase–velocity propagation thus adds to the conventional positive–phase–velocity propagation and...

In this paper, the effect of autofrettage process parameters on the ultimate pressure that functionally graded spherical vessel can tolerate are investigated. FGM properties and autofrettage pressure are considered as important parameters. Assumptions are variation of properties of FGM in radial direction, the residual stress in the absence of Bauschinger effect with the operation of variable m...

In this research an ultra-fine grained composite structure consisting of an intermetallic matrix together with dispersed nano-sized Al2O3 obtained via mechanical activation of TiO2 and Al in a high energy ball mill and sintering of consolidated samples. Phase composition and morphology of the milled and sintered samples were evaluated by XRD and SEM techniques Thermal behavior of the powder sa...

In this paper a 1-D model for the evolution of inelastic particles in a thermal bath is studied. We derive an equation for the evolution of the probability density of the particles in phase space. The analysis of the homogeneous equation is the main objective of this paper. The existence and uniqueness of this equation is addressed. Finally, we prove that the asymptotic behavior is governed by ...

conclusions the automatic bolus-tracking method, results in higher contrast enhancement of the aorta and spleen at the portal phase, but has no effect on liver enhancement. however, bolus tracking is associated with reduced variability for liver enhancement among different patients. results forty-eight patients (23 male, 25 female, mean age=56.4±13.5 years) were included. the contrast enhanceme...