Hollow-sapphire and metal-dielectric-coated hollow-glass waveguides have been used to deliver CO(2) laser power for industrial laser applications. The transmission, bending loss, and output-beam properties of these waveguides are described. The bore sizes of the hollow-sapphire waveguides were 1070 and 790 μm, and the hollow-glass waveguide had a bore of 700 μm. The waveguides ranged in length ...

Uniform hollow spheres of Cu2O and CuS were successfully synthesized by chemical transformation of in situ formed sacrificial templates containing Cu(I) in aqueous solutions. The shell thickness of these hollow spheres can be adjusted through the choice of the bromide source used for the formation of intermediate templates. Specifically, thick-shell hollow spheres (about 130-180 nm in shell thi...

Biological predispositions influence approach and avoid responses from the time of birth or hatching. Neonates of species that require parental care (e.g. human babies and chicks of the domestic fowl) are attracted by stimuli associated with animate social partners, such as face-like configurations, biological motion and self-propulsion. The property of being filled is used as a cue of animacy ...

Three different types of strain and temperature sensors based on negative curvature hollow core fiber (NCHCF) are proposed. Each sensor is produced by splicing a small section the NCHCF between two sections single mode fiber. Different interferometers obtained simply changing conditions. The first consists Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI). remaining configurations attained with same sensing str...

Here the hollow vortex Gaussian beam is described by the exact solution of the Maxwell equations. By means of the method of the vectorial angular spectrum, analytical expressions of the electromagnetic fields of a hollow vortex Gaussian beam propagating in free space are derived. By using the electromagnetic fields of a hollow vortex Gaussian beam beyond the paraxial approximation, one can calc...

Semiconductor CdX (X=Te, Se, S) hollow structures have been successfully prepared by using Cd(OH)Cl precursors as a sacrificial template. The hollow structures can be hollow spheres or tubes by controlling the shape of the sacrificial template. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry...

The behaviour of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthened vertically curved beams Steel Circular Hollow Sections (SCHS) was studied. Sixteen numbers with 1200 mm span having four radii curvatures; 0 mm, 2000 4000 and 6000 were tested under three-point bending tests. A range CFRP lengths up to 1000 selected. maximum performance noted when the ratio between length total is 0.625. Four ...