Fresh juices of colourful wild berries: cornelian cherry, blackthorn, white beam and elderberry are considered as valuable, highly nutritive beverages and characterized by the high level of vitamins and antioxidant capacity. The concentration process of these juices by membrane osmotic distillation was studied, where only water vapour is eliminated, while the heat sensitive, valuable compounds ...

A perturbation theory is developed that treats a localised mode embedded within a continuum of states. The method is applied to a model rectangular hollow-core photonic crystal fibre structure, where the basic modes are derived from an ideal, scalar model and the perturbation terms include vector effects and structural difference between the ideal and realistic structures. An expression for the...

Factors affecting filtration characteristics in submerged hollow fiber membrane were investigated in membrane-coupled moving bed biofilm reactor (M-CMBBR). The trend of membrane biofouling in M-CMBBR was quite different from that in a conventional membrane bioreactor (MBR). The M-CMBBR showed much lower biofouling rate than a conventional MBR. Whereas the membrane biofouling in conventional MBR...

We numerically investigate the energy and arrival-time noise of ultrashort laser pulses produced via resonant dispersive wave emission in gas-filled hollow-core waveguides under influence pump-laser instability. find that for low pump energy, fluctuations are strongly amplified. However, when generation process is saturated, can be significantly less noisy than pulse. This holds a variety condi...

Photothermal interferometry is an ultra-sensitive spectroscopic means for trace chemical detection in gas- and liquid-phase materials. Previous photothermal interferometry systems used free-space optics and have limitations in efficiency of light-matter interaction, size and optical alignment, and integration into photonic circuits. Here we exploit photothermal-induced phase change in a gas-fil...

We aimed to investigate the relationship between membrane material and the development of membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) using membranes with different pore sizes and hydrophilicities. Batch filtration tests were performed using submerged single hollow fiber membrane ultrafiltration (UF) modules with different polymeric membrane materials including cellulose acetate (CA), polye...

The widespread adoption of submerged hollow fibre ultrafiltration (UF) for drinking water treatment is currently hindered by the complexity and cost of these membrane systems, especially in small/remote communities. Most of the complexity is associated with auxiliary fouling control measures, which include backwashing, air sparging and chemical cleaning. Recent studies have demonstrated that su...

Solvent extraction of copper in hollow-fiber membrane contactors was investigated in this study. Extraction of copper is carried out conventionally using mixer-settlers. These contactors have some disadvantages such as consumption of high energy, dispersion of two phases and high operating costs. Membrane contactors can obviate the need for conventional contactors. The most favorable module use...

Proboscises of butterflies are modelled as elliptical hollow fibres that can be bent into coils. The behaviour of coating films on such complex fibres is investigated to explain the remarkable ability of these insects to control liquid collection after dipping the proboscis into a flower or pressing and mopping it over a food source. By using a thin-film approximation with the air-liquid interf...

The literature on chemical cleaning of polymeric hollow fibre ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes used in the filtration of water for municipal water supply is reviewed. The review considers the chemical cleaning mechanism, and the perceived link between this and membrane fouling by natural organic matter (NOM) – the principal foulant in municipal potable water applications. Existing ...