ROBERT K. BROONER, Ph.D., is profes­ sor of medical psychology at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) in Baltimore, and he directs JHU’s Addiction Treatment Services at Bayview Medical Center. He has worked in the field of behavioral science and sub­ stance abuse for 20 years and has published extensively in research areas including alco­ holism, injection drug abuse, multiple diagnoses in drug abus...

Fasting effects on health and well-being. Although this effects were studied based on biological view, however there is a different view based on our Islamic teachings. Fasting is related to human virtues such as piety and cautious. These virtues are related to others characteristics in Islamic view which show the holistic view of Islam on health. In order to answer this question refer to Holy ...

This article explores the potential utility of theory Holism as developed by South African philosopher, British Commonwealth statesman and military leader, Jan Smuts, for philosophical counselling or practice. Central to counseling process is counsellors practitioners applying work philosophers inspire, educate guide their counselees in dealing with life problems. For example, Logic-Based Thera...

Five experiments explored the hypothesis that thinking about one's own death activates thoughts about enjoying one's life as moderated by culture. Given that Eastern cultures, relative to Western ones, are more holistic and endorse notions of "yin and yang" (e.g., where "good" and "bad" coexist in all things), we hypothesized that East Asians would be more likely than European Americans to thin...