Thimerosal, which is approximately 50% mercury by weight is a preservative widely used in vaccines since the 1930’s. It meets the requirements for a preservative as set forth by Pharmacopeia challenge test and has been shown to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In July 1999, the Public Health Service agencies and vaccine manufacturers agreed that thimerosal should be redu...

Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment reduces crossmatch positivity and increases rates of transplantation in highly sensitised patients (HS). We quantified the panel reactive antibody (PRA) by microlymphocytotoxicity (MLCC), and we analysed anti-HLA class I and class II IgG specific antibody repertoire by Luminex before and after IVIg infusion alone in HS patients awaiting kid...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review addresses the concept that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody specificity should be determined to HLA epitopes rather than HLA antigens. RECENT FINDINGS HLAMatchmaker is a computer algorithm that considers small configurations of polymorphic residues referred to as eplets as essential components of HLA epitopes. This overview describes recent developments tha...

Background: After substitution of Pentavalent vaccine with diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP) in the Iranian National Vaccination program with 3 Pentavalent (three times vaccination with Pentavalent vaccine at months 2, 4, and 6) in 2014 and the lack of published research in the field of immunogenicity of pertussis component of this vaccine, the efficacy of pertussis vaccine was studied 6 mon...

Background and Objectives The cytotoxin-associated gene (cag) pathogenicity island is reported to be a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori infection. It is previously reported that the cagA-positive strains are more virulent, so it can be postulated that the cagA-positive gastritis will be more severe and the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A(IgA) anti-CagA antibody titer will be hig...

background: toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease with high seroprevalence worldwide. several immunological methods have been described for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. objective: to determine the parasitemia period in patients infected with toxoplasma using pcr and comparing serological data with molecular results. methods: 154 serum samples from patients with toxoplasmosis were examined. presenc...

OBJECTIVE To investigate HLA-DR genotype in association with chronological age or calendar year of disease onset and the time trend of genotype frequencies from 1969 to 2009. Additionally, to examine genotype frequency in relation to B-cell-, islet cell antibodies (ICA)-, autoantibodies to insulin-, insulinoma antigen 2 (IA2)-, glutamic acid decarboxylase-antibody positivity, thyroid antibody p...

HLA antibodies are primary causes of transplant rejection; they recognize epitopes that can be structurally defined by eplets. There are many reviews about HLA epitope-based matching in transplantation. This article describes some personal reflections about epitopes including a historical perspective of HLA typing at the antigen and allele levels, the repertoires of antibody-verified HLA epitop...

background and aims. despite available evidence for the role of herpes viruses in destructive periodontal diseases, no cause-and-effect relationship has been found to date. this study compared the titer of immunoglobulin g (igg), immunoglobulin m (igm) against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in gingival crevicular fluid between individuals with periodontitis and with healthy periodontium. material...

BACKGROUND Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly infectious disease causing considerable economic losses to poultry farmers worldwide. Conventional vaccine delivery methods are not suitable for smallholder and rural poultry producers, and thus appropriate vaccination methods need to be sought. This study was carried out with the main objective of evaluating the efficacy of ND I2 vaccine delivered ...