background: the global burden of sexually transmitted infections (stis) is noticeable and important. however, most stis are curable and all of them are preventable. in this article, we reviewed and evaluated sti prevalence, current services, existing programs, and the challenges of control and management them in iran. materials and methods: the author searched literature published from 2005 to ...

OBJECTIVE To study the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument Bref psychometric properties in a sample of smokers. It is a self-administered instrument to evaluate quality of life. It contains 26 questions allocated to 4 domains: Social, Psychological, Physical and Environmental, there are 2 questions related to the Global domain. METHOD The sample was formed by 276 tobacco user...

Malaria is a protozoan infection (Najera &Hempel, 2006 as cited in Okwa & Ibidapo, 2010) with protean manifestations in the human species (Mohaptra, 2002; Murthy, 2000; Talib, 1996) causing nearly one million deaths mainly in African children and decreasing gross domestic product by as much as 1.3% in countries with high disease rates (World Health Organization [WHO], 2010). Approximately half ...

UNLABELLED HIV is the top and tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide, with an estimated 8.7 million incident cases of tuberculosis and 2.5 million new HIV infections annually. The World Health Organization estimates that HIV prevalence among children with tuberculosis, in countries with moderate to high prevalence, ranges from 10 to 60%. The mechanis...

Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The problem is global and is steadily affecting many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. The prevalence has increased at an alarming rate. Globally, in 2013 the number of overweight children under the age of five years old, is estimated to be over 42 million. Close to 31 mill...

OBJECTIVE To cross-validate the global cost of scaling up child survival interventions to achieve the fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG4) as estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2007 by using the latest country-provided data and new assumptions. METHODS After the main cost categories for each country were identified, validation questionnaires were sent to 32 countries wit...

BACKGROUND We examined the association of alcohol use disorders (AUD) with adherence to and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for HIV/AIDS patients. METHODS A cross-sectional multi-site survey was conducted in 468 drug users and 648 non-drug users (age: 35.4 ± 7.0 years; 63.8% male) in 3 epicentres of Vietnam. AUD, ART adherence, and HRQOL were ...

UNLABELLED Background Maternal syphilis has an important impact on reproductive health. In 2010, World Health Organization (WHO)/Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) member countries approved the Strategy and Plan of Action for Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Congenital Syphilis in the Americas by 2015. This paper aims to describe epidemiological and programmatic chara...

BACKGROUND There is a heavy and disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among migrant communities living in Europe. Despite this, the published evidence related to HIV testing, prevention, and treatment needs for migrants is sparse. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with access to primary care and HIV testing among migrant g...