PURPOSE To determine if the same object frequency information mediates letter contrast threshold in the presence and absence of additive luminance noise (i.e., "noise-invariant processing") for letters of different size. METHODS Contrast thresholds for Sloan letters ranging in size from 0.9 to 1.8 log MAR were obtained from three visually normal observers under three paradigms: (1) high- and ...

Low-frequency noise (LFN) characterization of high-k LaLuO3/TiN nMOS transistors is presented. The experimental results including the noise spectrum and normalized power noise density and mobility are reported. The noise results were successfully modeled to the correlated number and mobility fluctuation noise equation. High-k dielectric devices show lower mobility and roughly one to two orders ...

The spectrum subtraction method is one of the most common methods by which to remove noise from a spectrum. Like many noise reduction methods, the spectrum subtraction method uses discrete Fourier transform (DFT) for frequency analysis. There is generally a trade-off between frequency and time resolution in DFT. If the frequency resolution is low, then the noise spectrum can overlap with the si...

A new analytical model for high-frequency noise in RF active CMOS mixers such as single-balanced and doublebalanced architectures is presented. The analysis includes the contribution of non-white gate-induced noise at the output as well as the spot noise figure (NF) of the RF CMOS mixer, while accounting for the non-zero correlation between the gateinduced noise and the channel thermal noise. T...

This paper proposes issues in highly accurate high frequency noise simulation for deep submicron MOSFETs. Unlike classical RF design, in which a given device with fixed characteristics is used, CMOS RF design permits selection of user specified device geometries as well as matching elements and bias conditions. Therefore, an exhaustive intrinsic noise modeling of MOSFETs across the entire opera...

Predicting underwater detection capabilities as well as vulnerabilities depends strongly on the characteristics of the ocean acoustic propagation channel. Operational advantages can be obtained by exploiting the ambient noise field to characterize the channel. The long term goal of this research is to determine methods that take advantage of the ambient noise field to extract useful information...

We analyze the impact of time series dependence in market microstructure noise on the properties of estimators of the integrated volatility of an asset price based on data sampled at frequencies high enough for that noise to be a dominant consideration. We show that combining two time scales for that purpose will work even when the noise exhibits time series dependence, analyze in that context ...

Lumped element models for the frequency dependence of substrate parasitics in integrated circuits are evaluated. The frequency ranges for which these models are applicable have been identified. Two new models that are suitable for very high frequencies are also presented.