About 30 female and juvenile Himalayan thar (Hemitragus jemlahicus) were observed over 2 years on a 200 ha study area. At dawn, thar were at low altitudes and most were feeding. They ascended during the morning to spend the middle of the day resting at high altitudes. In the afternoon they descended again, with increasing feeding activity, to reach low altitudes at dusk. The vertical movement w...

23 Chronic living at altitudes ~2500m causes consistent hematological acclimatization in most, but 24 not all, groups of athletes; however, responses of erythropoietin (EPO) and red cell mass to a 25 given altitude show substantial individual variability. We hypothesized that athletes living at 26 higher altitudes would experience greater improvements in sea level performance, secondary to 27 g...

Distribution of the vector species is a major risk factor for the endemicity of leishmaniasis. In the present study, the vertical distribution of Lutzomyia (Lu.) ayacuchensis, the vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana in the Ecuadorian Andes, was surveyed at different altitudes (300-2500m above sea level) of the Andean slope. The vector species Lu. ayacuchensis was identified at an altitud...

We present a ray-tracing study of the propagation of PC 3 Alfven mode waves originating at the dayside magnetopause. This study reveals interesting features of a magnetospheric filter effect for these waves. PC 3 Alfven mode waves cannot penetrate to low Earth altitudes unless the wave frequency is below approximately 30 mHz. Configurations of the dispersion curves and the refractive index show...

The hypoxic conditions of extreme altitudes have long been known to have psychological and physiological effects on humans. Such conditions may also impact an individual’s economic valuation and decision-making process relative to non-hypoxic conditions. Building on prior work both in the psychology of economics and the effects of hypoxia on psychology and decision making, this study gathered c...

In this paper are reviewed the present status of respiratory diseases in relation to high and low altitude environments. H igh A ltitu d e Sickness I n t k o d u c t i o n Mountain sickness occurs in both an acute form and a chronic form. Only re­ cently has this been studied to any degree; however, the first description was by a Peruvian in 1897.8 In 1937, Hurtado de­ scribed a case of pulmona...

Distribution and growth of plant species is affected by many factors including abiotic (topography, altitude and soil) and biotic (root symbiosis) factors. In light of global warming, recent findings advocate microhabitats and micro-conditions of the root zone and canopy ambiance as determining factors in sustaining of plant populations. Although, occurrence of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and non...

Hypoxia is inconsequential for physiologically fit persons below an effective altitude of 2640 metres. At higher altitudes, the adaptation is brought about by four main factors, viz., hyperventilation, increased diffusion of oxygen across alveolar membrane, erythrocythemia and maintenance of body hydration. Carbon dioxide sensitivity is markedly elevated at high altitude, both in sojourners and...