Over the last decade there has been substantial progress on the development of theory and numerical methods for implicit systems of differential and algebraic equations (DAEs). In many control applications involving PDE models it is standard engineering practice to replace the PDEs by a finite dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. There are a variety of ways to do this approxim...

This paper presents a syntactic method for sophisticated logical structure analysis that transforms document images with multiple pages and hierarchical structure into an electronic document based on SGML/XML. To produce a logical structure more accurately and quickly than previous works of which the basic units are text lines, the proposed parsing method takes text regions with hierarchical st...

This paper presents the results of a statistical hierarchical analysis of areal variation in prosody of North Sámi language. The hierarchical analysis method compares unigram models using cross-entropy measure. The models depict distributions of Δ-features of f0 and energy signals decomposed using Continuous Wavelet Transform [1]. These signals are obtained from speech recordings of five areal ...

In a Euclidean hierarchical ascending clustering (HAC,Ward’s method), the usual method for allocating a supplementary object to a cluster is based on the geometric distance from the object-point to the barycenter of the cluster. The main drawback of this method is that it does not take into consideration that clusters differ as regards weights, shapes and dispersions. Neither does it take into ...

The Ward error sum of squares hierarchical clustering method has been very widely used since its first description by Ward in a 1963 publication. It has also been generalized in various ways. Two algorithms are found in the literature and software, both announcing that they implement the Ward clustering method. When applied to the same distance matrix, they produce different results. One algori...

We present a method for visually and quantitatively assessing the presence of structure in clustered data. The method exploits measurements of the stability of clustering solutions obtained by perturbing the data set. Stability is characterized by the distribution of pairwise similarities between clusterings obtained from sub samples of the data. High pairwise similarities indicate a stable clu...

We introduce a novel distributional clustering algorithm that explicitly maximizes the mutual information per cluster between the data and given categories. This algorithm can be considered as a bottom up hard version of the recently introduced “Information Bottleneck Method”. We relate the mutual information between clusters and categories to the Bayesian classification error, which provides a...

SEM in-situ investigations of the micromechanisms of damage initiation and fracture in tool steels are described. The critical state of the material and the damage growth were observed in the tests. It was shown that the initial microcracks in the steels are formed in primary carbides and then join together. A hierarchical finite element model of damage initiation, which included a macroscopic ...