We clarify a financial meaning of duality in the semi-infinite programming problem which emerges in the context of determining a derivative price range based only on the no-arbitrage assumption and the observed prices of other derivatives. The interpretation links studies in the above context to studies in stochastic models.

This paper argues for a reinterpretation of Aristotle’s concept of an enthymeme and also his wider informal logic in terms of arguments that are defeasible. They are represented by forms of argument that are called argumentation schemes, considered to be similar to forms of argument found in deductive logic, but different from the foregoing in virtue of their being defeasible. Indeed, the most ...

Managing large-scale water resources and ecosystem projects is a never ending job, and success should be measured in terms of achieving desired project performance and not just meeting prescriptive requirements of planning and constructing a project simply on time and within budget. Success is more than studying, planning, designing, or operating projects. It is developing the right plan, getti...

On the Direct Reference thesis, proper names are what I call ‘genuine terms’, terms whose sole semantic contributions to the propositions expressed by their use are the terms’ semantic referents. But unless qualified, this thesis implies the false consequence that sentences containing names that fail to refer can never express true or false propositions. (Consider ‘The ancient Greeks worshipped...

We extend the study of steganography schemes with pooling to the case when two changes per cell are allowed. We show that such schemes are equivalent to a new, symmetric version of sum covers known in combinatorial design theory. We give a construction that is better in the information versus distortion metric than the schemes with one change per cell. A number of interesting questions concerni...

In this survey, we first describe the purposes for image hiding. They are Steganography, Image Watermarking and Image Authentication. Classified by hiding methods, image hiding can be divided into pixel-based image hiding, frequency-based image hiding and VQ-based image hiding. In the aspect of pixel-based image hiding, we describe three representative methods, the substitution table technique,...