The human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoproteins are the principal components involved in virion receptor binding, membrane penetration, and ultimately, syncytium formation. While the requirement for both F and HN in this process has been determined from recombinant expression studies, stable physical association of these proteins in coi...

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important oilseed crop. A serious problem in cultivation of this crop andyield loss, are due to fungal disease stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The pathogenesis-related(PR) proteins have the potential for enhancing resistance against fungal pathogen. Thaumatin-like proteins(TLPs) have been shown to have antifungal activity on variou...

Nuclear Argonaute proteins, guided by their bound small RNAs to nascent target transcripts, mediate cotranscriptional silencing of transposons and repetitive genomic loci through heterochromatin formation. The molecular mechanisms involved in this process are incompletely understood. Here, we show that the SFiNX complex, a mediator downstream from nuclear Piwi-piRNA complexes Drosophila , facil...

The genetic code is universal, but recombinant protein expression in heterologous systems is often hampered by divergent codon usage. Here, we demonstrate that reprogramming by standardized multi-parameter gene optimization software and de novo gene synthesis is a suitable general strategy to improve heterologous protein expression. This study compares expression levels of 94 full-length human ...

The invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa) of Shigella spp, are effector molecules necessary for the invasion of colonic epithelial cells. Recently, we have isolated an invasin protein-LPS complex from intact, virulent Shigella (Invaplex). In vitro observations suggest that Invaplex interacts with host-cell membranes, is internalized, and is released into the cytoplasm via a process similar to the act...

In this experiment, the action mechanism of gene Ssc1 was studied in process interaction with plants through heterologous expression, subcellular localization and fluorescent PCR technology. It found that could enhance pathogenicity Botrytis cinerea expression. Fusing promoter, SP CTP GFP expressing tobacco, it fusion protein be secreted into plant cells located chloroplasts. Trypan blue staini...

Significance The highly attenuated vaccinia virus MVA is licensed as smallpox vaccine; a vector it component of the approved adenovirus-MVA–based prime-boost vaccine against Ebola disease. Here, we provide results from testing COVID-19 candidate MVA-SARS-2-S, poxvirus-based that proceeded to clinical evaluation. When administered by intramuscular inoculation, MVA-SARS-2-S expresses and safely d...

Transposons are genetic elements that change their intracellular genomic position by transposition and spread horizontally between bacteria when located on plasmids. It was recently discovered from fully heterologous DNA also occurs in the course of natural transformation. Here, we characterize molecular details constraints this process using replicative transposon Tn 1 naturally competent bact...