Pests and weeds can develop resistance to pesticides and herbicides soon after they are introduced. This is demonstrated by early reports of insecticide resistance (Melander, 1914) and herbicide resistance (Ryan, 1970). In some cases the first observations of resistance to a particular herbicide have occurred around the same time as its local commercial release (e.g., Heap & Knight, 1990). In o...

Off-target movement of dicamba has been blamed for damaging millions hectares soybean in the United States since registration herbicide use dicamba-resistant cotton and soybean. Understanding effect a low dose on non-dicamba-resistant across multiple cultivars, growth stages, planting dates could help producers better understand implication current management practices yield loss from fields wh...

by the publication of a high-quality genome sequence—only the third such sequence for any plant species (Tuskan et al. 2006). In spite of over 200 field trials of GE trees that have been reported in at least 35 countries, the only commercially deployed transgenic trees are insect-resistant Populus nigra and white poplar (clone 741) in China (Food and Agriculture Organization 2004), and virus-re...

A modification of the GLEAMS model was used to determine application windows which would optimise efficacy and environmental safety for herbicide application to a forest site. Herbicide/soil partition coefticients were determined using soil samples collected from the study site for two herbicides (imazapyr, K,=46, triclopyr ester, K,,=l038)andpublishedvaluesfortwootherherbicides(henarinone,K,=5...

The soybean cultivars “ K w angkyo” and “H o o d ” are differentially sensitive to the bipyridylium herbicide paraquat (l,r-d im ethy l-4 ,4 '-b ipyrid in ium ion). This was confirm ed by visible injury observations, m easurem ents o f desiccation levels and chlorophyll conten t, and tracings o f chlorophyll fluorescence induction o f fully expanded first trifoliate leaves o f these two culti­ ...

Perennial broadleaves such as dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) are known to be pervasive weeds in stands of maintained turfgrasses. The use synthetic herbicides is the most common effective method control for these weeds. As pesticide European countries, Canada, United States becoming more scrutinized, identification alternative weed ...

Microbial transformation of the tetrazolinone herbicide F5231 was accomplished with the filamentous fungus Absidia pseudocylindrospora Hesseltine et Ellis (ATCC 24169). The fungus converted the herbicide to six metabolites which were identified spectrally by mass, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.